nstitute four-fifths of the population. The capital, Cartagena on the
Caribbean coast, was once the principal commercial entrepot of Colombia.
Other important towns are Barranquilla and Mompox (8000), on the
Magdalena river, and Corozal (9000) and Lorica (10,596 in 1902), near
the western coast.

BOLIVAR, an inland state of Venezuela, lying S. of the Orinoco and
Apure, with the Yuruari territory on the E., the Caroni river forming
the boundary, and the Amazonas territory and Brazil on the S. Frequent
political changes in Venezuela have led to various modifications in the
size and outlines of this state, which comprises large areas of
uninhabited territory. It is a country of extensive plains (_llanos_)
covered in the rainy season with nutritious grass which disappears
completely in the dry season, and of great forests and numerous rivers.
Its population was given in 1894 as 135,232, but its area has been
largely reduced since then. The capital is Ciudad Bolivar, formerly
called Angostura, which is situated on the right bank of the Orinoco
about 240 m. above its mouth; pop. 11,686. Vessels of light draught
easily ascend the Orinoco to this point, and a considerable trade is
carried on, the exports being cocoa, sugar, cotton, hides, jerked beef
and various forest products.

BOLIVIA, an inland republic of South America, once a part of the Spanish
vice-royalty of Peru and known as the province of Charcas, or Upper
Peru. It is the third largest political division of the continent, and
extends, approximately, from 9 deg. 44' to 22 deg. 50' S. lat., and from
58 deg. to 70 deg. W. long. It is bounded N. and E. by Brazil, S. by
Paraguay and Argentina, and W. by Chile and Peru. Estimates of area vary
widely and have been considerably confused by repeated losses of
territory in boundary disputes with neighbouring states, and no figures
can be given which may not be changed to some extent by further
revisions. Official estimates are 640,226 and 703,633 sq. m., but Supan
(_Die Bevolkerung der Erde_, 1904) places it at 515,156 sq. m.

_Boundaries._--The boundary line between Bolivia and Brazil has its
origin in the limits between the Spanish and Portuguese colonies
determined by the treaties of Madrid and San Ildefonso (1750 and 1777),
which were modified by the treaties of 1867 and 1903. Beginning at the
outlet of Bahia Negra into the Paraguay river, lat. 28 deg. 08' 35" S.,
the line ascends the latter to a point on th