oli gardens, one completed in 1576
and the other in 1585. He also cast the fine bronze equestrian statue of
Cosimo de' Medici at Florence and the very richly decorated west door of
Pisa cathedral. One of Bologna's best works, a group of two nude figures
fighting, is now lost. A fine copy in lead was at one time in the front
quadrangle of Brasenose College, Oxford. In 1881 it was sold for old
lead by the principal and fellows of the college, and was melted down by
the plumber who bought it.

See _La Vie et l'oeuvre de Jean Bologne, par Abel Desjardins, d'apres
les manuscrits--recueillis par Foucques de Vagnonville_ (1883,
numerous illustrations; list of works).

BOLOGNA, a city and archiepiscopal see of Emilia, Italy, the capital of
the province of Bologna, and headquarters of the VI. army corps. It is
situated at the edge of the plain of Emilia, 180 ft. above sea-level at
the base of the Apennines, 82 m. due N. of Florence by rail, 63 m. by
road and 50 m. direct, and 134 m. S.E. of Milan by rail. Pop. (1901)
town, 102,122; commune, 153,501. The more or less rectangular Roman
city, orientated on the points of the compass, with its streets arranged
at right angles, can be easily distinguished from the outer city, which
received its fortifications in 1206 (see G. Gozzadini, _Studi
archeologico-topografici sulla citta di Bologna_, Bologna, 1868). The
streets leading to the gates of the latter radiate from the outskirts,
and not from the centre, of the former. Some of the oldest churches,
however, lie outside the limits of the Roman city (of which no buildings
remain above ground) such as S. Stefano, S. Giovanni in Monte and SS.
Vitale ed Agricola. The first consists of a group of no less than seven
different buildings, of different dates; the earliest of which, the
former cathedral of SS. Pietro e Paolo, was constructed about the middle
of the 4th century, in part with the debris of Roman buildings; while S.
Sepolcro, a circular church with ornamentation in brick and an imitation
of _opus reticulatum_, should probably be attributed to the 6th or 7th
centuries. The present cathedral (S. Pietro), erected in 910, is now
almost entirely in the baroque style. The largest church in the town,
however, is that of S. Petronio, the patron saint of Bologna, which was
begun in 1390; only the nave and aisles as far as the transepts were,
however, completed, but even this is a fine fragment, in the Gothic
style, measuring 38