anding of logic by unveiling and explaining its secrets,
as well as by considering all those points which Al-Kindi had
neglected, and by teaching the application of analogy to all occurring
cases.' In his enumeration and limitation of the sciences, Al-Farabi
embraced the whole system of knowledge as it then existed. He went to
Egypt, and afterwards to Damascus, where he died in A.D. 950. During
his residence at Damascus he was mostly to be found near the borders
of some rivulet, or in a shady garden; there he composed his works and
received the visits of his pupils. He was extremely abstemious, and
entirely indifferent to wealth and poverty. The list of his works on
philosophical and scientific subjects amount to sixty-one. Mr. Munk's
'Melanges de Philosophie Juive et Arabe' (Paris, 1859) contains good
articles on Al-Farabi and Al-Kindi.

Ibn Sina (Avicenna) was a great philosopher and physician. At the age
of ten years he had completed the study of the Koran in Bukhara, where
afterwards a certain Natili became his tutor, with whom he first
studied the 'Eisagoge' of Porphyry, and afterwards Euclid, and lastly
the 'Almagest' of Ptolemy. Natili then departed, and an ardent desire
to study medicine having taken possession of Ibn Sina, he commenced to
read medical books, which not being so difficult to understand as
mathematics and metaphysics, he made such rapid progress in them that
he soon became an excellent physician, and cured his patients by
treating them with well-approved remedies. He began also to study
jurisprudence before he was thirteen. At the age of eighteen he
entered the service of a prince of the Beni Saman dynasty, Nuh bin
Mansur, at Bukhara, a paralytic, who entertained many physicians at
his court, and Ibn Sina joined their number. There he composed his
'Collection,' in which he treated of all the sciences except
mathematics, and there also he wrote his book of 'The Acquirer and the
Acquired.' He then left Bukhara, and lived in various towns of
Khurasan, but never went further west, spending his whole life in the
countries beyond the Oxus, in Khwarizm and in Persia, although he
wrote in Arabic. It would be superfluous to follow all his changes of
fortune, but it may be mentioned that when he was the first physician
and vizier of Mezd-ud-daulah, a sultan of the Bowide dynasty, he was
twice deposed and put in irons. He also appears to have acted
treacherously towards Ala-ud-daulah, a prince of Ispahan, wh