lities. Agricultural development remained hampered by labor
shortages, salinization, and dislocations caused by previous land
reform and collectivization programs. The industrial sector, although
accorded high priority by the government, also was under financial
constraints. Iraq's seizure of Kuwait in August 1990, subsequent
international economic embargoes, and military action by an
international coalition beginning in January 1991 drastically changed
the economic picture. Industrial and transportation facilities, which
suffered severe damage, have been partially restored. Oil exports
remain at less than 5% of the previous level. Shortages of spare parts
continue. Living standards deteriorated even further in 1993 and 1994;
consumer prices have more than doubled in both 1993 and 1994. The
UN-sponsored economic embargo has reduced exports and imports and has
contributed to the sharp rise in prices. The Iraqi government has been
unwilling to abide by UN resolutions so that the economic embargo can
be removed. The government's policies of supporting large military and
internal security forces and of allocating resources to key supporters
of the regime have exacerbated shortages. In brief, per capita output
in 1993-94 is far below the 1989-90 level, but no precise estimate is
available.

National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $NA

National product real growth rate: NA%

National product per capita: $NA

Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA%

Unemployment rate: NA%

Budget:
revenues: $NA
expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA

Exports: $10.4 billion (f.o.b., 1990)
commodities: crude oil and refined products, fertilizer, sulfur
partners: US, Brazil, Turkey, Japan, Netherlands, Spain (1990)

Imports: $6.6 billion (c.i.f., 1990)
commodities: manufactures, food
partners: Germany, US, Turkey, France, UK (1990)

External debt: $50 billion (1989 est.), excluding debt of about $35
billion owed to Gulf Arab states

Industrial production: growth rate NA%; manufacturing accounts for 10%
of GNP (1989)

Electricity:
capacity: 7,170,000 kW
production: 25.7 billion kWh
consumption per capita: 1,247 kWh (1993)

Industries: petroleum production and refining, chemicals, textiles,
construction materials, food processing

Agriculture: accounted for 11% of GNP and 30% of labor force before
the Gulf war; principal products - wheat, barley, rice, veget