A
(1994 est.)

Exports: $190.8 billion (f.o.b., 1994)
commodities: metals, textiles and clothing, production machinery,
motor vehicles, transportation equipment, chemicals, other
partners: EU 53.4%, US 7.8%, OPEC 3.8% (1994)

Imports: $168.7 billion (c.i.f., 1994)
commodities: industrial machinery, chemicals, transport equipment,
petroleum, metals, food, agricultural products
partners: EU 56.3%, OPEC 5.3%, US 4.6% (1994)

External debt: $67 billion (1993 est.)

Industrial production: growth rate 4.3% (1994 est.); accounts for 35%
of GDP

Electricity:
capacity: 61,630,000 kW
production: 209 billion kWh
consumption per capita: 4,033 kWh (1993)

Industries: machinery, iron and steel, chemicals, food processing,
textiles, motor vehicles, clothing, footwear, ceramics

Agriculture: accounts for about 4% of GDP; self-sufficient in foods
other than meat, dairy products, and cereals; principal crops -
fruits, vegetables, grapes, potatoes, sugar beets, soybeans, grain,
olives; fish catch of 525,000 metric tons in 1990

Illicit drugs: important gateway country for Latin American cocaine
and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market

Economic aid:
donor: ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $25.9 billion

Currency: 1 Italian lira (Lit) = 100 centesimi

Exchange rates: Italian lire (Lit) per US$1 - 1,609.5 (January 1995),
1,612.4 (1994), 1,573.7 (1993), 1,232.4 (1992), 1,240.6 (1991),
1,198.1 (1990)

Fiscal year: calendar year

@Italy:Transportation

Railroads:
total: 19,503 km
standard gauge: 18,230 km 1.435-m gauge (10,499 km electrified; 2,112
km privately owned)
narrow gauge: 1,273 km 0.950-m to 1.000-m gauge (224 km electrified;
1,273 km privately owned)

Highways:
total: 305,388 km
paved: 277,388 km (6,940 km of expressways)
unpaved: gravel, crushed stone 23,000 km; earth 5,000 km (1992)

Inland waterways: 2,400 km for various types of commercial traffic,
although of limited overall value

Pipelines: crude oil 1,703 km; petroleum products 2,148 km; natural
gas 19,400 km

Ports: Ancona, Augusta, Bari, Cagliari (Sardinia), Catania, Gaeta,
Genoa, La Spezia, Livorno, Naples, Oristano (Sardinia), Palermo
(Sicily), Piombino, Porto Torres (Sardinia), Ravenna, Savona, Trieste,
Venice

Merchant marine:
total: 441 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,767,969 GRT/8,547,221
DWT
ships by type: bulk 40, cargo 62, chemical tanker 34, combination