cted sector, with crop yields among highest in world; principal
crops - rice, sugar beets, vegetables, fruit; animal products include
pork, poultry, dairy and eggs; about 50% self-sufficient in food
production; shortages of wheat, corn, soybeans; world's largest fish
catch of 10 million metric tons in 1991

Economic aid:
donor: ODA and OOF commitments (1970-94), $132 billion
note: ODA outlay of $9.9 billion in 1994 (est.)

Currency: yen (Y)

Exchange rates: yen (Y) per US$1 - 99.75 (January 1995), 102.21
(1994), 111.20 (1993), 126.65 (1992), 134.71 (1991), 144.79 (1990)

Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March

@Japan:Transportation

Railroads:
total: 27,327 km (5,724 km double track and multitrack sections)
standard gauge: 2,012 km 1.435-m gauge (2,012 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 25,315 km predominantly 1.067-m gauge (9,038 km
electrified) (1987)

Highways:
total: 1,111,974 km
paved: 754,102 km (including 4,869 km of national expressways)
unpaved: gravel, crushed stone, or earth 357,872 km (1991)

Inland waterways: about 1,770 km; seagoing craft ply all coastal
inland seas

Pipelines: crude oil 84 km; petroleum products 322 km; natural gas
1,800 km

Ports: Akita, Amagasaki, Chiba, Hachinohe, Hakodate, Higashi-Harima,
Himeji, Hiroshima, Kawasaki, Kinuura, Kobe, Kushiro, Mizushima, Moji,
Nagoya, Osaka, Sakai, Sakaide, Shimizu, Tokyo, Tomakomai

Merchant marine:
total: 851 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 18,195,386
GRT/27,292,044 DWT
ships by type: bulk 210, cargo 63, chemical tanker 7, combination
ore/oil 7, container 41, liquefied gas tanker 41, multifunction
large-load carrier 1, oil tanker 264, passenger 10, passenger-cargo 5,
refrigerated cargo 48, roll-on/roll-off cargo 43, short-sea passenger
30, specialized tanker 2, vehicle carrier 79
note: Japan owns an additional 1,537 ships (1,000 GRT or over)
totaling 45,490,202 DWT that operate under Panamanian, Liberian,
Vanuatu, Bahamian, Singaporian, Cypriot, Philippines, Hong Kong, and
Maltese registry

Airports:
total: 175
with paved runways over 3,047 m: 6
with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 31
with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 36
with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 30
with paved runways under 914 m: 70
with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 2

@Japan:Communications

Telephone system: 64,000,000 telephones; excellent domestic and
international service
local: NA
intercity: NA
international: