ables,
dates, other fruit, cotton, wool; livestock - cattle, sheep; not
self-sufficient in food output

Economic aid:
recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-80), $3 million;
Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
(1970-89), $647 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $3.9 billion

Currency: 1 Iraqi dinar (ID) = 1,000 fils

Exchange rates: Iraqi dinars (ID) per US$1 - 3.2 (fixed official rate
since 1982); black-market rate (March 1995) US$1 = 1200 Iraqi dinars;
semi-official rate US$1 = 650 Iraqi dinars

Fiscal year: calendar year

@Iraq:Transportation

Railroads:
total: 2,457 km
standard gauge: 2,457 km 1.435-m gauge

Highways:
total: 45,550 km
paved: 38,400 km
unpaved: 7,150 km (1989 est.)

Inland waterways: 1,015 km; Shatt al Arab is usually navigable by
maritime traffic for about 130 km; channel has been dredged to 3
meters and is in use; Tigris and Euphrates Rivers have navigable
sections for shallow-draft watercraft; Shatt al Basrah canal was
navigable by shallow-draft craft before closing in 1991 because of the
Persian Gulf war

Pipelines: crude oil 4,350 km; petroleum products 725 km; natural gas
1,360 km

Ports: Umm Qasr, Khawr az Zubayr, and Al Basrah have limited
functionality

Merchant marine:
total: 36 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 795,346 GRT/1,431,154 DWT

ships by type: cargo 14, oil tanker 16, passenger 1, passenger-cargo
1, refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 3

Airports:
total: 121
with paved runways over 3,047 m: 21
with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 34
with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 8
with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 7
with paved runways under 914 m: 22
with unpaved runways over 3,047 m: 3
with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5
with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 5
with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 16

@Iraq:Communications

Telephone system: 632,000 telephones; reconstitution of damaged
telecommunication facilities began after the Gulf war; most damaged
facilities have been rebuilt
local: NA
intercity: the network consists of coaxial cables and microwave radio
relay links
international: 2 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1
GORIZONT (Atlantic Ocean) in the Intersputnik system, and 1 ARABSAT
earth station; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Jordan,
Kuwait, Syria, and Turkey; Kuwait line is probably non-operational

Radio:
bro