and engaging the under side of the
hook lever at the point _4_. Attached to the lever arm _1_ is an
insulated pin _6_. The contact springs by which the various electrical
circuits are made and broken are shown at _7_, _8_, _9_, _10_, and
_11_, these being mounted in one group with insulated bushings between
them; the entire group is secured by machine screws to a lug
projecting horizontally from the bracket _5_. The center spring _9_
is provided with a forked extension which embraces the pin _6_ on the
hook lever. It is obvious that an up-and-down motion of the hook lever
will move the long spring _9_ in such manner as to cause electrical
contact either between it and the two upper springs _7_ and _8_, or
between it and the two lower springs _10_ and _11_. The hook is shown
in its raised position, which is the position required for talking.
When lowered the two springs _7_ and _8_ are disengaged from the long
spring _9_ and from each other, and the three springs _9_, _10_, and
_11_ are brought into electrical engagement, thus establishing the
necessary signaling conditions.

[Illustration: Fig. 83. Long Lever Hook Switch]

The right-hand ends of the contact springs are shown projecting beyond
the insulating supports. This is for the purpose of facilitating
making electrical joints between these springs and the various wires
which lead from them. These projecting ends are commonly referred to
as ears, and are usually provided with holes or notches into which the
connecting wire is fastened by soldering.

_Western Electric._ Fig. 84 shows the type of hook switch quite
extensively employed by the Western Electric Company in wall telephone
sets where the space is somewhat limited and a compact arrangement is
desired. It will readily be seen that the principle on which this hook
switch operates is similar to that employed in Fig. 83, although the
mechanical arrangement of the parts differs radically. The hook lever
_1_ is pivoted at _3_ on a bracket _2_, which serves to support all
the other parts of the switch. The contact springs are shown at _4_,
_5_, and _6_, and this latter spring _6_ is so designed as to make it
serve as an actuating spring for the hook. This is accomplished by
having the curved end of this spring press against the lug _7_ of the
hook and thus tend to raise the hook when it is relieved of the weight
of the receiver. The two shorter springs _8_ and _9_ have no
electrical function but merely serve as