turn, carry another yoke _4_ of brass. In this yoke _4_ is pivoted,
by means of trunnion screws, the armature _5_, this extending on each
side of the pivot so that its ends lie opposite the free poles of the
electromagnets. From the center of the armature projects the tapper
rod carrying the ball or striker which plays between the two gongs.

In order that the armature and cores may be normally polarized, a
permanent magnet _6_ is secured to the center of the yoke piece _1_.
This bends around back of the electromagnets and comes into close
proximity to the armature _5_. By this means one end of each of the
electromagnet cores is given one polarity--say north--while the
armature is given the other polarity--say south. The two coils of the
electromagnet are connected together in series in such a way that
current in a given direction will act to produce a north pole in one
of the free poles and a south pole in the other. If it be assumed that
the permanent magnet maintains the armature normally of south polarity
and that the current through the coils is of such direction as to make
the left-hand core north and the right-hand core south, then it is
evident that the left-hand end of the armature will be attracted and
the right-hand end repelled. This will throw the tapper rod to the
right and sound the right-hand bell. A reversal in current will
obviously produce the opposite effect and cause the tapper to strike
the left-hand bell.

An important feature in polarized bells is the adjustment between the
armature and the pole pieces. This is secured in the Western Electric
bell by means of the nuts _7_, by which the yoke _4_ is secured to the
standards _3_. By moving these nuts up or down on the standards the
armature may be brought closer _to_ or farther _from_ the poles, and
the device affords ready means for clamping the parts into any
position to which they may have been adjusted.

[Illustration: Fig. 79. Polarized Bell]

_Kellogg Ringer._ Another typical ringer is that of the Kellogg
Switchboard and Supply Company, shown in Fig. 80. This differs from
that of the Western Electric Company mainly in the details by which
the armature adjustment is obtained. The armature supporting yoke _1_
is attached directly to the cores of the magnets, no supporting side
rods being employed. Instead of providing means whereby the armature
may be adjusted toward or from the poles, the reverse practice is
employed, that is, of making the