the other the carriage. In first-class work as many as eighteen or
twenty coats will be required to complete the various stages. After a
carriage has been in use about twelve months, it is practicable to
revive the brilliant gloss on the panels by hand-polishing with the
aid of rottenstone and oil, a process which requires a specially
trained man to do successfully.

The trimming of the interior of a carriage requires much skill and
judgment on the part of the workmen in providing really comfortable,
well-fitted seats and neatness of workmanship. In the middle of the
19th century figured tabaret or satin were much used, but for many
years past morocco has been almost universally preferred. Silk
lutestring spring curtains, Brussels or velvet pile carpet, complete
the interior, unless are added neat morocco covered trays with mirror,
&c., for ladies' convenience. Electric light is now frequently used
for the interior, and can be applied with much neatness and
efficiency. Road lamps, door handles, polished silver or brass
furniture, are supplied to the coach-builder by firms whose special
business it is to make them. Lever brakes are now a very ordinary
requirement. Much judgment is needful to make them efficient, and
careful workmanship to prevent rattle. Indiarubber is the best
material for blocks applied to steel tires, and cast iron for
indiarubber tires. The "Bowden wire" recently introduced is in some
cases a convenient and light alternative to the long bar connecting
the handle with the hind cross levers, and has the advantage of
passing out of sight through the interior of the body.
(J. A. M'N.)

CARRICKFERGUS, a seaport and watering-place of Co. Antrim, Ireland, in
the east parliamentary division; on the northern shore of Belfast Lough,
9-1/2 m. N.E. of Belfast by the Northern Counties (Midland) railway.
Pop. of urban district (1901) 4208. It stretches for about 1 m. along
the shore of the Lough. The principal building is the castle, originally
built by John de Courci towards the close of the 12th century, and
subsequently much enlarged. It stands on a projecting rock above the
sea, and was formerly a place of much strength. It is still maintained
as an arsenal, and mounted with heavy guns. The ancient donjon or keep,
90 ft. in height, is still in good preservation. The town walls, built
by Sir Henry Sidney, are still visible on the west and north, and