ern railway. Pop. of urban district (1901) 5406. It was
formerly a walled town, and contains some ancient buildings, such as the
castle, erected in 1309, formerly a seat of the dukes of Ormonde, now
belonging to the Butler family, a branch of which takes the title of
earl from the town. On the other side of the river, connected by a
bridge of the 14th century, and another of modern erection, stands the
suburb of Carrickbeg, in county Waterford, where an abbey was founded in
1336. The woollen manufactures for which the town was formerly famous
are extinct. A thriving export trade is carried on in agricultural
produce, condensed milk is manufactured, and slate is extensively
quarried in the neighbourhood, while some coal is exported from the
neighbouring fields. Dredging has improved the navigable channel of the
river, which is tidal to this point and is lined with quays.

CARRIER, JEAN BAPTISTE (1756-1794), French Revolutionist and Terrorist,
was born at Yolet, a village near Aurillac in Upper Auvergne. In 1790 he
was a country attorney (counsellor for the _bailliage_ of Aurillac) and
in 1792 he was chosen deputy to the National Convention. He was already
known as one of the influential members of the Cordeliers club and of
that of the Jacobins. After the subjugation of Flanders he was one of
the commissioners nominated in the close of 1792 by the Convention, and
sent into that country. In the following year he took part in
establishing the Revolutionary Tribunal. He voted for the death of Louis
XVI., was one of the first to call for the arrest of the duke of
Orleans, and took a prominent part in the overthrow of the Girondists
(on the 31st of May). After a mission into Normandy, Carrier was sent,
early in October 1793, to Nantes, under orders from the Convention to
suppress the revolt which was raging there, by the most severe measures.
Nothing loth, he established a revolutionary tribunal, and formed a body
of desperate men, called the Legion of Marat, for the purpose of
destroying in the swiftest way the masses of prisoners heaped in the
jails. The form of trial was soon discontinued, and the victims were
sent to the guillotine or shot or cut down in the prisons _en masse_. He
also had large numbers of prisoners put on board vessels with trap doors
for bottoms, and sunk in the Loire. This atrocious process, known as the
_Noyades_ of Nantes, gained for Carrier a reputation for wanton cruelty.
Since in his mission