particularly
was reflected in the home; the domestic arrangements and customs of the
people. The German husband was the commander-in-chief of his household.
It was not that benevolent lordship which the man of the house assumes
toward his wife and family in other nations. The stern note of command
was always evident; that attitude of "attention!" "eyes front!" and
unquestioning obedience.

German women always were subordinate to their husbands and the male
members of their families. It was not because the man made the living
and supported the woman. Frequently the German woman contributed as much
towards the support of the family as the males; it was because the
German male by the system which had been inculcated into him, regarded
himself as a superior being and his women as inferiors, made for
drudgery, for child-bearing, and for contributors to his comforts and
pleasures. His attitude was pretty much like that of the American Indian
towards his squaw.

Germany was the only nation on earth pretending to civilization in which
women took the place of beasts of burden. They not only worked in the
fields, but frequently pulled the plow and other implements of
agriculture. It was not an uncommon sight in Germany to see a woman and
a large dog harnessed together drawing a milk cart. When it became
necessary to deliver the milk the woman slipped her part of the harness,
served the customer, resumed her harness and went on to the next stop.
In Belgium, in Holland and in France, women delivered the milk also, but
the cart always was drawn by one or two large dogs or other animals and
the woman was the driver. In Austria it was a strange sight to
foreigners, but occasioned no remark among the people, to see women
drawing carts and wagons in which were seated their lords and masters.
Not infrequently the boss wielded a whip.

The pride of the German nation was in its efficient workmen. Friends of
the country and its system have pointed to the fact of universal labor
as its great virtue; because to work is good. Really, they were
compelled to work. Long hours and the last degree of efficiency were
necessary in order to meet the requirements of life and the tremendous
burdens of taxation caused by the army, the navy, the fortifications and
the military machine in general; to say nothing of the expense of
maintaining the autocratic pomp of the Kaiser, his sons and satellites.
Every member of the German family had his or her tas