raging 13 miles in width, from Arras to Soissons. Between
April 9 and May 14, the British had important successes in the Battle of
Arras, capturing Vimy Ridge April 9. Between April 16 and May 6 the
French made gains in the Battle of the Aisne, between Soissons and
Reims. Between May 15 and September 15 occurred an Italian offensive in
which General Cadorna inflicted severe defeats on the Austrians on the
Carso and Bainsizza plateaus.

The British blew up Messines Ridge, south of Ypres, June 7 and captured
7,500 German prisoners. June 12 King Constantine of Greece was forced to
abdicate and on June 29, Greece entered the war on the side of the
Allies. A mutiny in the German fleet at Wilhelmshaven and Kiel occurred
July 30 and a second mutiny September 2.

August 20-24 the French recaptured high ground at Verdun, lost in 1916.
October 23-26 a French drive north of the Aisne won important positions
including Malmaison fort. The Germans retreated from the Chemin de
Dames, north of the Aisne, November 2. Between November 22 and December
13 occurred the Battle of Cambrai in which the British employed "tanks"
to break down the wire entanglements instead of the usual artillery
preparations. Bourlon Wood dominating Cambrai was taken November 26. A
surprise counterattack by the Germans December 2, compelled the British
to give up one-fourth of the ground gained. Jerusalem was captured by
the British December 9.

The British national labor conference on December 29, approved a
continuation of the war for aims similar to those defined by President
Wilson.

Aside from the collapse of Russia, culminating in an armistice between
Germany and the Bolsheviki government of Russia at Brest-Litovsk,
December 15, the most important Teutonic success was in the big
German-Austrian counterdrive in Italy, October 24 to December 1. The
Italians suffered a loss of territory gained during the summer and their
line was shifted to the Piave river, Asiago plateau and Brenta river.

Brazil declared war on Germany October 26.

CHAPTER VII.

NEGROES RESPOND TO THE CALL.

SWIFT AND UNHALTING ARRAY--FEW PERMITTED TO VOLUNTEER--ONLY NATIONAL
GUARD ACCEPTED--NO NEW UNITS FORMED--SELECTIVE DRAFT THEIR
OPPORTUNITY--PARTIAL DIVISION OF GUARDSMEN--COMPLETE DIVISION OF
SELECTIVES--MANY IN TRAINING--ENTER MANY BRANCHES OF SERVICE--NEGRO
NURSES AUTHORIZED--NEGRO Y.M.C.A. WORKERS--NEGRO WAR
CORRESPONDENT--NEGRO ASSISTANT TO SECRETARY OF WAR--TRAIN