to the Liberty of which I have been
deprived.

Thomas Paine.

Luxembourg, Thermidor 19, 2nd Year of the French Republic, one and
indivisible.

XXI. THE MEMORIAL TO MONROE.

EDITOR'S historical introduction:

The Memorial is here printed from the manuscript of Paine now among the
Morrison Papers, in the British Museum,--no doubt the identical document
penned in Luxembourg prison. The paper in the United States State
Department (vol. vii., Monroe Papers) is accompanied by a note by
Monroe: "Mr. Paine, Luxembourg, on my arrival in France, 1794. My answer
was after the receipt of his second letter. It is thought necessary to
print only those parts of his that relate directly to his confinement,
and to omit all between the parentheses in each." The paper thus
inscribed seems to have been a wrapper for all of Paine's letters.
An examination of the MS. at Washington does not show any such
"parentheses," indicating omissions, whereas that in the British Museum
has such marks, and has evidently been prepared for the press,--being
indeed accompanied by the long title of the French pamphlet. There are
other indications that the British Museum MS. is the original Memorial
from which was printed in Paris the pamphlet entitled:

"Memoire de Thomas Payne, autographe et signe de sa main: addresse a
M. Monroe, ministre des Etats-unis en france, pour reclamer sa mise en
liberte comme citoyen Americain, 10 Sept 1794. Robespierre avait fait
arreter Th. Payne, en 1793--il fut conduit au Luxembourg ou le glaive
fut longtemps suspendu sur sa tete. Apres onze mois de captivite, il
recouvra la liberte, sur la reclamation du ministre Americain--c'etait
apres la chute de Robespierre--il reprit sa place a la convention, le 8
decembre 1794. (18 frimaire an iii.) Ce Memoire contient des renseigne
mens curieux sur la conduite politique de Th. Payne en france, pendant
la Revolution, et a l'epoque du proces de Louis XVI. Ce n'est point, dit
il, comme Quaker, qu'il ne vota pas La Mort du Roi mais par un sentiment
d'humanite, qui ne tenait point a ses principes religieux. Villenave."

No date is given, but the pamphlet probably appeared early in 1795.
Matthieu Gillaume Therese Villenave (b. 1762, d. 1846) was a journalist,
and it will be noticed that he, or the translator, modifies Paine's
answer to Marat about his Quakerism. There are some loose translations
in the cheap French pamphlet, but it is the only publication which
has given Pain