dent champion of the prohibition of the sale of
intoxicating drinks. He drafted the drastic Maine prohibitory law of
1851. He was mayor of Portland in 1851 and in 1855, and was a member of
the Maine legislature in 1858-1859. Early in the Civil War he became
colonel of the 13th Maine Volunteer Infantry. He served in General B. F.
Butler's New Orleans expedition, was commissioned brigadier-general of
volunteers in April 1862, and subsequently commanded for a time the
department of Florida. He was twice wounded in the attack on Port
Hudson, on the 27th of May 1863, and was taken prisoner, remaining eight
months in Libby and other prisons before he was exchanged. After the war
he devoted a great part of his time and energy to the extension of the
prohibition movement in America and England. Through his exertions the
prohibitory amendment was added to the Maine constitution in 1884. In
1880 he was the candidate of the National Prohibition Party for
president, polling 10,305 votes. He died at Portland on the 2nd of
October 1897.

His _Reminiscences_ were published at Portland in 1898.

DOWAGER (from the Old Fr. _douagiere_, mod. _douairiere_), strictly, a
widow in the enjoyment of dower. "Dowager" is also applied to widows of
high rank to distinguish them from the wives of their sons, as
queen-dowager, dowager-duchess, &c. The title was first used in England
of Catherine of Aragon, widow of Arthur, prince of Wales, who was styled
princess dowager till her marriage with Henry VIII. By transference the
word is used of an elderly lady.

DOWDEN, EDWARD (1843- ), Irish critic and poet, son of John Wheeler
Dowden, merchant and landowner, was born at Cork on the 3rd of May 1843,
being three years junior to his brother John, who became bishop of
Edinburgh in 1886. His literary tastes were shown early, in a series of
essays written at the age of twelve. His home education was continued at
Queen's College, Cork, and Trinity College, Dublin; at the latter
university he had a distinguished career, becoming president of the
Philosophical Society, and winning the vice-chancellor's prize for
English verse and prose, and the first senior moderatorship in ethics
and logic. In 1867 he was elected professor of oratory and English
literature in Dublin University. His first book, _Shakespeare, his Mind
and Art_ (1875), was a revision of a course of lectures, and made him
widely known as a critic, being translated into German and