winged
bulls, lions and serpents, would have seemed a most appropriate rendering
of the current idea of the dual, creative power, which might also be
conveyed by two heads, or two horns. From Professor Jastrow's description
of the case of a single monster, with four bodies and with attributes of
the elements earth and water, we learn that not only the union of heaven
and earth but also of earth and water was at times the task imposed upon
the native artists by the fancy and imagination of minds dwelling upon the
subject of the creative first cause. Postponing further discussion of the
Babylonian and Assyrian symbolism of the Middle, Above and Below and Four
Quarters or the "seven directions of Heaven and Earth," I shall now direct
attention to the most famous triad of Babylonian cosmology which figures
at the end of the Creation epic. It consisted of Anu, Ea and Bel(96) and
obviously personified the Above and Below and the link or central meeting
place of these, the earth named Esharra, "the house of fertility" or E-kur
"the mountain house." We learn from Professor Jastrow's handbook that
whereas Bel=the polar star (the secret god) and Nibir=the planet Jupiter
(the later popular personification of Bel) were associated with the North,
Ea was identified with the South (p. 435). Elsewhere we are told that Anu
was identified with the North, Bel with the equator and Ea with the South
(p. 460), a fact to which I shall again recur in treating of the
territorial divisions of the state, which corresponded to the three
divisions of the universe, the Above, Middle and Below.

The following detached statements concerning Babylonian divinities drawn
from Professor Jastrow's handbook, show with what activity the fundamental
set of ideas was developed by the native theologians and philosophers.
Bel-arduk became the chief god of Babylon, the title "Belu-rabu" _i. e._,
"great lord," becoming identified with Marduk. As such he is termed "the
king of heaven and earth" and the "lord of the four regions." His dwelling
was on the sacred "mountain-house," the zikkurat, and is represented "with
a crown with high horns, a symbol of dual rulership. As the supreme ruler,
life and death are in his hands and he guides the decrees of the deities
of the Above and Below." "The first part of the name Marduk is also used
to designate the 'young bullock,' and it is possible that the god was
pictured in this way." It should be remembered here, however, tha