place of probation), he becomes identified with Osiris,
in whose shape his mummy is made" (The Dwellers on the Nile, p. 177).

The following text, from the inscription on an amulet found on the neck of
the mummy of a young girl, preserved at the Berlin Museum, is explained in
the official catalogue of the museum (p. 343), as signifying that "the
mummy was supposed to lie in the centre of the whole world:" "The sky is
locked over the earth, the earth is locked over the beyond and the beyond
is locked over this strong mummy-case of the departed
Osiris-Hathor-tsen-usire...." As the "beyond" in the inscription evidently
signifies the "underworld," the idea that the mummy case, resting on the
earth, was being pressed upon from beneath by the underworld, and from
above by the sky, is clearly conveyed and is in keeping with the sign for
universe, already alluded to, which represents three regions superposed.
The "deification" of the mummy, which is named "Osiris-Hathor," is an
interesting instance of the idea that the mummy became the image not only
of the goddess Hathor but also of the god Osiris, or Ptah, who is usually
represented in the form of a mummy.

A remarkable instance of a king in a pyramid being actually worshipped and
bearing the name of Ptah, added to his own, is given by Professor Flinders
Petrie (_op. cit._ II, p. 257). "... The figure of the king Teta, entitled
Teta-mer-en-ptah, is placed in a triangle, which is suggestive of a
pyramid (as Men-nefer is written with the same triangle on this naos).
Rather than suppose a new king at this period, we should see in this the
worship of a pyramid king, Teta, of the sixth dynasty...." The association
of Ptah, who is regarded as perhaps the oldest of all gods of Egypt, with
the square=ptah and the pyramid and the mummy, is of extreme interest,
especially as Egyptian texts contain references to "a single god, who
becomes a quaternary of gods" (Brugsch II, 408), and we therefore see that
the idea of Four in One was a familiar one. The personification of Ptah
usually consists of a mummy holding a sceptre, expressing strength, life
and stability. Under the form of Osiris he usually holds the curved
sceptre denoting dominion, beside the symbols for life, rule and power,
and is entitled the "lord of the holy land, lord of eternity, prince of
everlasting, the president of the gods, and the head of the corridor of
the tomb." Considering that in all pyramids hitherto explored,