that the jaws will
be flush with the end. With another handscrew, clamp this handscrew to
Y in such a way that the marks on the two pieces match, A to C and B
to D, Fig. 247. Bore at the proper places, E and F, holes directly thru
Y into X.

[Illustration: Fig. 247. Thru Boring for a Butt Joint.]

Fig. 248 illustrates the gluing together of a four-legged stand in
which the joints are made in this way. The cross-lap joints of
the stretchers are first glued together, then the other joints are
assembled without glue, to see that all the parts fit and finally two
opposite sides are glued at a time. Pieces of paper are laid inside
the gluing blocks to prevent them from sticking to the legs.

[Illustration: Fig. 248. Gluing-Up a Four-Legged Stand.]

In case the dowels are to be hidden the chief difficulty is to locate
the holes properly. One method of procedure is as follows: To dowel
the end of one member against the face of the other as a stringer into
a rail or a rail into a table leg, first lay out the position of the
dowels in the end of the first member, X, Fig. 249. Gage a
center-line, A B, across this end lengthwise, locate the centers of the
dowel-holes, and square across with a knife point, as CD and EF. Gage
a line on the other member to correspond with the line AB. On the
face so gaged, lay the first member on its side so that one arris lies
along this gaged line and prick off the points D and F, to get the
centers of the dowel-holes.

[Illustration: Fig. 249. Laying out a Dowel Joint.]

If, as is usual, there are a number of similar joints to be made, a
device like that shown in Fig. 249 will expedite matters. 1 and 2
are points of brads driven thru a piece of soft wood, which has been
notched out, and are as far apart as the dowels. A-1 is the distance
from the working edge of the rail to the first dowel. The same measure
can be used from the end of the leg.

When the centers are all marked, bore the holes. Insert the dowels
into the holes and make a trial assembly. If any rail is twisted from
its proper plane, note carefully where the error is, take apart,
glue a dowel into the hole, that is wrong, pare it off flush with the
surface, and re-bore in such a place that the parts, when assembled
will come up true. When everything fits, glue and clamp together.

_No. 9. A toe-nailed joint_, Fig. 264, is made by driving nails
diagonally thru the corners of one member into the other. It is used
in fastening