of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified
- Environmental Modification

@Iraq, People

Population:
19,889,666 (July 1994 est.)
Population growth rate:
3.73% (1994 est.)
Birth rate:
44.11 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Death rate:
7.26 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Net migration rate:
0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
67.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
65.74 years
male:
64.87 years
female:
66.66 years (1994 est.)
Total fertility rate:
6.71 children born/woman (1994 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
Iraqi(s)
adjective:
Iraqi
Ethnic divisions:
Arab 75-80%, Kurdish 15-20%, Turkoman, Assyrian or other 5%
Religions:
Muslim 97% (Shi'a 60-65%, Sunni 32-37%), Christian or other 3%
Languages:
Arabic, Kurdish (official in Kurdish regions), Assyrian, Armenian
Literacy:
age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)
total population:
60%
male:
70%
female:
49%
Labor force:
4.4 million (1989)
by occupation:
services 48%, agriculture 30%, industry 22%
note:
severe labor shortage; expatriate labor force was about 1,600,000
(July 1990); since then, it has declined substantially

@Iraq, Government

Names:
conventional long form:
Republic of Iraq
conventional short form:
Iraq
local long form:
Al Jumhuriyah al Iraqiyah
local short form:
Al Iraq
Digraph:
IZ
Type:
republic
Capital:
Baghdad
Administrative divisions:
18 provinces (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Al Anbar, Al Basrah,
Al Muthanna, Al Qadisiyah, An Najaf, Arbil, As Sulaymaniyah, At
Ta'mim, Babil, Baghdad, Dahuk, Dhi Qar, Diyala, Karbala', Maysan,
Ninawa, Salah ad Din, Wasit
Independence:
3 October 1932 (from League of Nations mandate under British
administration)
National holiday:
Anniversary of the Revolution, 17 July (1968)
Constitution:
22 September 1968, effective 16 July 1970 (provisional Constitution);
new constitution drafted in 1990 but not adopted
Legal system:
based on Islamic law in special religious courts, civil law system
elsewhere; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state:
President SADDAM Husayn (since 16 July 1979); Vice President Taha
Muhyi al-Din MARUF (since 21 April 1974); Vice President Taha Yasin
RAMADAN (since 23 March 1991)
head of govern