(f.o.b., 1990)
commodities:
crude oil and refined products, fertilizer, sulfur
partners:
US, Brazil, Turkey, Japan, Netherlands, Spain (1990)
Imports:
$6.6 billion (c.i.f., 1990)
commodities:
manufactures, food
partners:
Germany, US, Turkey, France, UK (1990)
External debt:
$45 billion (1989 est.), excluding debt of about $35 billion owed to
Arab Gulf states
Industrial production:
growth rate NA%; manufacturing accounts for 10% of GNP (1989)
Electricity:
capacity:
7,300,000 kW available out of 9,902,000 kW due to Gulf war
production:
12.9 billion kWh
consumption per capita:
700 kWh (1992)
Industries:
petroleum production and refining, chemicals, textiles, construction
materials, food processing
Agriculture:
accounted for 11% of GNP and 30% of labor force before the Gulf war;
principal products - wheat, barley, rice, vegetables, dates, other
fruit, cotton, wool; livestock - cattle, sheep; not self-sufficient in
food output
Economic aid:
recipient:
US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-80), $3 million; Western
(non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $647
million; Communist countries (1970-89), $3.9 billion
Currency:
1 Iraqi dinar (ID) = 1,000 fils
Exchange rates:
Iraqi dinars (ID) per US$1 - 3.2 (fixed official rate since 1982);
black-market rate (May 1994) US$1 = 370 Iraqi dinars
Fiscal year:
calendar year

@Iraq, Communications

Railroads:
2,457 km 1.435-meter standard gauge
Highways:
total:
34,700 km
paved:
17,500 km
unpaved:
improved earth 5,500 km; unimproved earth 11,700 km
Inland waterways:
1,015 km; Shatt al Arab is usually navigable by maritime traffic for
about 130 km; channel has been dredged to 3 meters and is in use;
Tigris and Euphrates Rivers have navigable sections for shallow-draft
watercraft; Shatt al Basrah canal was navigable by shallow-draft craft
before closing in 1991 because of the Persian Gulf war
Pipelines:
crude oil 4,350 km; petroleum products 725 km; natural gas 1,360 km
Ports:
Umm Qasr reopened in November 1993; Khawr az Zubayr and Al Basrah have
been closed since 1980
Merchant marine:
37 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 805,205 GRT/1,444,810 DWT, cargo
15, oil tanker 16, passenger 1, passenger-cargo 1, refrigerated cargo
1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 3
note:
none of the Iraqi flag merchant fleet was trading internationally as
of 1 January 1993
Airports: