r the practice of
it, that gives more concern to the color of a man's skin than
to the merits of a case he may have in the courts of justice.
The negro is taught not to expect justice in the courts,
however industrious, honest, law abiding he may be, when his
lawful rights to liberty and protection are contested by a
white man. The negro suffers in the courts, not always because
he is guilty, not because he lacks character, but because his
skin, not his heart, is black.

What was the attitude of the northern negroes toward the migration?
With some exceptions, negroes north assumed a friendly attitude toward
the migrants. Many of these residents of the North were themselves
but recently come from the South. The newcomers were looked upon as
brethren, just coming into the "Promised Land." They were welcomed in
the churches and otherwise made to feel at home. In some cities there
were organizations of resident negroes to look after the welfare of
the new arrivals. In the northern race newspapers, the attitude of the
negro north was fully set forth, as the following extracts from the
_New York News_[174] indicate:

We hail with no alarm whatever the influx of colored men
from the South. The colored people of the North will be
strengthened by the hard working, ambitious laborers added to
their numbers. The laboring conditions and life of the masses
of the colored people in the South will be made better and
brighter by their leaving.

Yet a heavy responsibility rests upon every colored leader,
moral and civic, in these northern States to take an especial
interest in their newly arriving brethren. You must teach
them not to take their liberty to be ladies and gentlemen for
license to degrade themselves and their race here. You must
urge them to avoid the deadly vice and wasting extravagance of
the unhealthy congested city. They should find their homes and
rear their families in the suburbs, where they can buy their
own homes and properly train their children in head, hand and
heart. Urge them to get steady work and settle down. Urge them
to become good citizens and better parents. Urge them to go to
church, to lead patient Christian lives and all will come out
well in the end.

The Philadelphia _Christian Recorder_[175] took the ground that:

1. The negro is an American. He speaks the language of the
coun