ourt's composition and the contingencies in the choice of
successors." Ibid. 80.

[292] _See_ Corwin, Judicial Review in Action, 74 University of
Pennsylvania Law Review 639 (1926).

[293] Levering & Garrigues Co. _v._ Morrin, 289 U.S. 103, 105 (1933),
citing Mosher _v._ Phoenix, 287 U.S. 29, 30 (1932).

[294] Levering & Garrigues Co. _v._ Morrin, 289 U.S. 103, 105 (1933).
_See also_ Binderup _v._ Pathe Exchange, 263 U.S. 291, 305-308 (1923);
South Covington & C. St. Ry. Co. _v._ Newport, 259 U.S. 97, 99 (1922);
Hull _v._ Burr, 234 U.S. 712, 720 (1914); The Fair _v._ Kohler Die Co.,
228 U.S. 22, 25 (1913); Montana Catholic Missions _v._ Missoula County,
200 U.S. 118, 130 (1906); Western Union Tel. Co. _v._ Ann Arbor R. Co.,
178 U.S. 239 (1900).

[295] Newburyport Water Co. _v._ Newburyport, 193 U.S. 561, 576 (1904).
For these issues, _see also_ Bell _v._ Hood, 327 U.S. 678 (1946).

[296] Levering & Garrigues Co. _v._ Morrin, 289 U.S. 103, 105-106
(1933).

[297] 299 U.S. 109, 112-113 (1936).

[298] Whether the doctrine that the plaintiff must allege the
constitutional question to make the case one arising under the
Constitution rests on constitutional or statutory grounds is uncertain.
_See_ Tennessee _v._ Union and Planters' Bank, 152 U.S. 454 (1894);
Oregon Short Line and Utah N. Ry. Co. _v._ Skottowe, 162 U.S. 490, 492
(1896); Galveston, H. & S.A. Ry. Co. _v._ Texas, 170 U.S. 226, 236
(1898); Sawyer _v._ Kochersperger, 170 U.S. 303 (1898); Board of
Councilmen of Frankfort _v._ State National Bank, 184 U.S. 696 (1902);
Boston and Montana Consolidated Copper & Silver Mining Co. _v._ Montana
Ore Purchasing Co., 188 U.S. 632, 639 (1903). Some of these cases apply
to the removal of cases from State courts where the plaintiff does not
aver a federal question. On this point note the following statement of
Chief Justice Fuller in Arkansas _v._ Kansas & T.C. Co. & S.F.R., 183
U.S. 185, 188 (1901): "Hence it has been settled that a case cannot be
removed from a State court into the Circuit Court of the United States
on the sole ground that it is one arising under the Constitution, laws
or treaties of the United States, unless that appears by plaintiff's
statement of his own claim; and if it does not so appear, the want of it
cannot be supplied by any statement of the petition for removal or in
the subsequent pleadings. And moreover that jurisdiction is not
conferred by allegations that defendant intends to assert a defe