._ United States, 95 U.S. 149 (1877);
Wallach _v._ Van Riswick, 92 U.S. 202, 213 (1876); Armstrong's Foundry
_v._ United States, 6 Wall. 766, 769 (1868). There is no direct ruling
on the question of whether only citizens can commit treason. In Carlisle
_v._ United States, 16 Wall. 147, 154-155 (1873), the Court declared
that aliens while domiciled in this country owe a temporary allegiance
to it and may be punished for treason equally with a native-born citizen
in the absence of a treaty stipulation to the contrary. This case
involved the attempt of certain British subjects to recover claims for
property seized under the Captured and Abandoned Property Act, 12 Stat.
820 (1863) which provided for the recovery of property or its value in
suits in the Court of Claims by persons who had not rendered aid and
comfort to the enemy. Earlier in United States _v._ Wiltberger, 5 Wheat.
76, 97 (1820), which involved a conviction for manslaughter under an act
punishing manslaughter and treason on the high seas, Chief Justice
Marshall going beyond the necessities of the case stated that treason
"is a breach of allegiance, and can be committed by him only who owes
allegiance either perpetual or temporary."

ARTICLE IV

STATES' RELATIONS

Section 1. Full faith and credit Page
Sources and effect of this provision 651
Private international law 651
Importance of the constitutional provision 652
Acts of 1790 and 1804 652
Force and effect of same 652
Judgments: Primary concern of the provision 653
Two principal classes of judgments 653
Effect to be given in forum State 653
Jurisdictional prerequisite 657
Judgments in personam 658
Jurisdictional question 659
Service on foreign corporations 660
Service on out-of-State owners of motor vehicles 660
Judgments in rem 661
Thompson _v._ Whitman 661
Divorce decrees 662
Jurisdictional prerequisite: Dom