nce
based on the Constitution or a law or treaty of the United States, or
under statutes of the United States, or of a State, in conflict with the
Constitution."

[299] 5 Cr. 61 (1809).

[300] 9 Wheat. 738 (1824).

[301] 115 U.S. 1 (1885).

[302] 22 Stat. 162, Sec. 4 (1882).

[303] 38 Stat. 803, Sec. 5 (1915).

[304] 43 Stat. 936, 941 (1925); 28 U.S.C.A. Sec. 1349.

[305] 3 Stat. 195, 198 (1815).

[306] 4 Stat. 632, 633, Sec. 3 (1833).

[307] 12 Stat. 755, 756, Sec. 5 (1863).

[308] 28 U.S.C.A. Sec. 1442 (a) (1).

[309] 100 U.S. 257 (1880).

[310] 1 Wheat. 304 (1816).

[311] 6 Wheat. 264 (1821).

[312] 100 U.S. 257, 264. _See also_ The Mayor of Nashville _v._ Cooper,
6 Wall. 247 (1868).

[313] Lovell _v._ City of Griffin, 303 U.S. 444 (1938).

[314] Stoll _v._ Gottlieb, 305 U.S. 165 (1938).

[315] Indiana ex rel. Anderson _v._ Brand, 303 U.S. 95 (1938).

[316] Southwestern Bell Telephone Co. _v._ Oklahoma, 303 U.S. 206
(1938).

[317] Adam _v._ Saenger, 303 U.S. 59, 164 (1938).

[318] United Gas Public Service Co. _v._ Texas, 303 U.S. 123, 143
(1938).

[319] 279 U.S. 159 (1929).

[320] Lane _v._ Wilson, 307 U.S. 268, 274 (1939). It is fairly obvious,
of course, that whether State courts have exceeded their powers under
the State Constitution is not a federal question. This rule was applied
in Schuylkill Trust Co. _v._ Pennsylvania, 302 U.S. 506, 512 (1938),
where it was contended that instead of construing a State statute, the
courts had actually amended it by a species of judicial legislation
prohibited by the State constitution.

[321] United States _v._ Ravara, 2 Dall. 297 (1793).

[322] Boers _v._ Preston, 111 U.S. 252 (1884).

[323] Ames _v._ Kansas ex rel. Johnston, 111 U.S. 449, 469 (1884).

[324] 280 U.S. 379, 383-384 (1930).

[325] 11 Wheat. 467 (1826).

[326] 135 U.S. 403, 432 (1890).

[327] Ex parte Gruber, 269 U.S. 302 (1925).

[328] 1 Stat. 73 (1789).

[329] _See_ W.W. Willoughby, The Constitutional Law of the United
States, III, 1339, 1347 (New York, 1929).

[330] Willoughby, _op. cit._, III, 1339.

[331] 1 Stat. 73, Sec. 9 (1789).

[332] Justice Washington in Davis _v._ Brig Seneca, 21 Fed. Cas. No.
12,670 (1829).

[333] The "Vengeance," 3 Dall. 297 (1796); The "Schooner Sally," 2 Cr.
406 (1805); The "Schooner Betsey," 4 Cr. 443 (1808); The "Samuel," 1
Wheat. 9 (1816); The "Octavia," 1 Wheat. 20 (1816).

[334] New Jersey Steam Nav. Co. _v._ Merchants' Bank