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.) 485-487; Watson, Trial of Jefferson Davis (1915) 25 Yale L.J. 669. Philippine insurrections: United States _v._ Magtibay, 2 Phil. 703 (1903), United States _v._ De Los Reyes, 3 Phil. 349 (1904) (mere possession of rebel commissions insufficient overt acts; strict enforcement of two-witness requirement; convictions reversed); United States _v._ Lagnason, 3 Phil. 472 (1904) (armed effort to overthrow the government is levying war). United States _v._ Fricke, 259 F. 673 (1919) (acts "indifferent" on their face held sufficient overt acts). United States _v._ Robinson, 259 F. 685 (1919) (dictum, acts harmless on their face are insufficient overt acts). United States _v._ Werner, 247 F. 708 (1918), affirmed in 251 U.S. 466 (1920) (act indifferent on its face may be sufficient overt act). United States _v._ Haupt, 136 F. (2d) 661 (1943) (reversal of conviction on strict application of two-witness requirement and other grounds; inferentially approves acts harmless on their face as overt acts). Stephan _v._ United States, 133 F. (2d) 87 (1943) (acts harmless on their face may be sufficient overt acts; conviction affirmed but sentence commuted). United States _v._ Cramer, 137 F. (2d) 888 (1943). [738] 343 U.S. 717. [739] Ibid. 732. For citations on the subject of dual nationality, _see_ ibid. 723 note 2. Three dissenters asserted that Kawakita's conduct in Japan clearly showed he was consistently demonstrating his allegiance to Japan. "As a matter of law, he expatriated himself as well as that can be done." Ibid. 746. [740] Ex parte Bollman, 4 Cr. 75 (1807). [741] United States _v._ Burr, 4 Cr. 470 (1807). [742] Cramer _v._ United States, 325 U.S. 1 (1945). [743] Haupt _v._ United States, 330 U.S. 631 (1947). [744] Ex parte Bollman, 4 Cr. 75, 126, 127 (1807). [745] 12 Stat. 589. This act incidentally did not designate rebellion as treason. [746] Miller _v._ United States, 11 Wall. 268, 305 (1871). [747] Wallach _v._ Van Riswick, 92 U.S. 202, 213 (1876). [748] Lord de la Warre's Case, 11 Coke, 1 a. A number of cases dealt with the effect of a full pardon by the President of owners of property confiscated under this act. They held that a full pardon relieved the owner of forfeiture as far as the Government was concerned, but did not divide the interest acquired by third persons from the Government during the lifetime of the offender. Illinois Central R. Co. _v._ Bosworth, 133 U.S. 92, 101 (1890); Knote _v
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