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o e e au eu i ou u Eccentric. Normal. Concentric. This is the only simple sound, but four other sounds are derived from it. The three _a's_ articulated by closing the uvula, give the nasal _an_. Each family also gives its special nasal sound: _in_ for the eccentric voice, _on_ for the normal state, _un_ for the concentric. All other sounds are derived from combinations of these. The mouth cannot possibly produce more than three families of sounds, and in each family it is _a_ united with the others that forms the trinity. The variety of sounds in these three families of vowels arises from the difference of the opening of the mouth and lips in articulating them. These different modes of articulation may be rendered more intelligible by the subjoined diagrams: _a_ is pronounced with the mouth very wide open, the uvula raised and the tongue much lowered. --------------------- O O --------------------- _e, e, i_ and _in_ are articulated with the lips open and the back part of the mouth gradually closed. / / / \ \ \ _a, au, ou_ and _on_ are articulated with the back of the mouth open and the lips gradually closed. \ \ \ / / / _e, eu, u_ and _un_ are articulated with the back of the mouth and the lips uniformly closed. --------------------- --------------------- The voice takes different names, according to the different sounds in each family of vowels: the chest-voice, the medium voice and the head-voice. These names imply no change in the sort of voice, but a change in the manner of emission. The head, medium or chest-voice, indicates only variety in the emission of vowels, and may be applied to the high as well as the deep and medium voice. Thus the deep voice may produce sounds in the head-voice, as well as in the medium and chest voices. The head-voice is produced by lowering the larynx, and at the same time raising the uvula. In swallowing, the larynx rises by the elevation of the uvula, without which elevation there can be no head-tones. _Practical Conclusions._ 1. It is highly important to know how to assume either of these voices at will. The chest-voice is the expression of the sensitive or vital life, and is the interpreter of all physical emotions. The medium voice expresses s
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