rogramme et devant le suffrage, in _Annales des
Sciences Politiques_, July 15, 1910; G. Scelle, La
representation politique, in _Revue du Droit
Public_, July-Sept., 1911; L. Marin, Le vote
personnel, in _La Grande Revue_, March 25, 1911;
and G. Trouillot, La reforme electorale au Senat,
ibid., Sept. 25, 1912. The text of the bill of 1912
is to be found also in _Revue du Droit Public_,
July-Sept., 1912. On the question of proportional
representation see G. Tronqual, La representation
proportionnelle devant le parlement francais
(Poitiers, 1910); F. Lepine, La representation
proportionnelle et sa solution (Paris, 1911); N.
Saripolos, La democratie et l'election
proportionnelle (Paris, 1900); G. Lachapelle, La
representation proportionnelle (Paris, 1910);
ibid., Representation proportionnelle, in _Revue de
Paris_, Nov. 15, 1910; ibid., L'Application de la
representation proportionnelle, in _Revue Politique
et Parlementaire_, Dec. 10, 1910. See also Anon.,
La sophistication du suffrage universel, in
_Annales des Sciences Politiques_, July, 1909, and
May, 1910; E. Zevort, La France sous le regime du
suffrage universel (Paris, 1894). The subject of
proportional representation in France is fully
discussed in a Report of the British Royal
Commission on Electoral Systems (1910). Report, Cd.
5,163; Evidence, Cd. 5,352.]

CHAPTER XVII (p. 325)

PARLIAMENTARY PROCEDURE--POLITICAL PARTIES

I. ORGANIZATION AND WORKINGS OF THE CHAMBERS

*352. Sessions.*--By the constitutional law of July 16, 1875, it is
required that the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate shall assemble
annually on the second Tuesday of January, unless convened at an
earlier date by the President of the Republic, and that they shall
continue in session through at least five months of each year. The
President may convene an extraordinary session, and is obligated to do
so if at any time during a reces