Gmelin, Studien zur spanischen
Verfassungsgeschichte des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts
(Stuttgart, 1905); on Spanish constitutional law,
M. Torres Campos, Das Staatsrecht des Koenigreichs
Spanien (Freiburg, 1889), in Marquardsen's
Handbuch; on Spanish administrative law, V.
Santamaria de Paredes, Curso de derecho
administrativo (5th ed., Madrid, 1898); and on the
comparative aspects of Spanish institutions, R. de
Oloriz, La Constitucion espanola comparada con las
de Inglaterra, Estados-Unidos, Francia y Alemania
(Valencia, 1904). More extended works of importance
include V. Santamaria de Paredes, Curso de derecho
politico (6th ed., Madrid, 1898), and A. Posada,
Tratado de derecho administrativo (Madrid,
1897-1898). A monumental collection of laws
relating to Spanish administrative affairs is M.
Martinez Alcubilla, Diccionario de la
administracion Espanola, Peninsular y Ultramarina
(5th ed., 1892-1894), to which is added annually an
appendix containing texts of the most recent laws
and decrees. Special treatises of importance are M.
M. Calvo, Regimen parlamentario en Espana (Madrid,
1883); J. Costa, Oligarquia y Caciquismo como la
forma actual del Gobierno en Espana (Madrid, 1903);
and Y. Guytot, L'evolution politique et sociale de
l'Espagne (Paris, 1899). Mention may be made of R.
Fraoso, Las constituciones de Espana, in _Revista
de Espana_, June-July, 1880.]

IV. THE CROWN AND THE MINISTRY (p. 613)

*677. The Rules of Succession.*--Executive power in the kingdom is
vested solely in the crown, although in practice it devolves to a
large degree upon the council of ministers. Kingship is hereditary,
and in regulation of the succession the constitution lays down the
general principle that an elder line shall always be preferred to
younger ones; in the same line, the nearer degree of kinship to the
more remote; in the same degree of kinship, the male to the female; in