real republicans in 1873-1874.]

[Footnote 845: On the revolutionary and republican
periods see Cambridge Modern History XI., Chap. 20
(bibliography, pp. 945-949); Lavisse et Rambaud,
Histoire Generale, XII., Chap. 9; Hume, Modern
Spain, Chap. 10; V. Cherbuliez, L'Espagne
politique, 1868-1873 (Paris, 1874); W. Lauser,
Geschichte Spaniens von dem Sturz Isabellas,
1868-1875 (Leipzig, 1877); E. H. Strobel, The
Spanish Revolution, 1868-1875 (London, 1898); E.
Rodriguez Solis, Historia del partido republicano
espanol (Madrid, 1893); Pi y Margall, Amadeo de
Saboya (Madrid, 1884); H. R. Whitehouse, Amadeus,
King of Spain (New York, 1897). A significant work
is E. Castelar, Historia del movimiento republicano
en Europa (Madrid, 1873-1874). Special works
dealing with the restoration include A. Houghton,
Les origines de la restauration des Bourbons en
Espagne (Paris, 1890); Diez de Tejada, Historia de
la restauracion (Madrid, 1879).]

III. THE PRESENT CONSTITUTION (p. 611)

*675. The Constitution Adopted.*--The year following the
re-establishment of the monarchy was consumed largely in the
suppression of the Carlists and the reorganization of the government.
During this period Canovas, at the head of a strong Conservative and
Clerical ministry, ruled virtually as a dictator, and sooner or later
most vestiges of the republic were swept away, while the nation was
won over solidly to the new order. At the election of the first Cortes
of the Restoration, January 22, 1876, the principle of manhood
suffrage was continued in operation, though so docile did the
electorate prove that Canovas was able to secure, in both chambers, a
heavy majority which was ready to vote at the Government's behest a
franchise system of a much less liberal type. The first important task
of this Cortes was the consideration and adoption of a new national
constitution. As to the sort of constitution most desirable there was,
as ever, wide difference of opinion. The Conservatives favored a
revival of the instrument of 1845. The Liberals much preferred a
restoration