Government Reform, 1835-1912 179
6. Local and Central Government 181
7. Local Government To-day: Rural 183
8. Local Government To-day: Urban 186

PART II.--GERMANY

IX. THE EMPIRE AND ITS CONSTITUTION
1. Political Development Prior to 1848 193
2. The Creation of the Empire 198
3. The Constitution: Nature of the Empire 202
4. The Empire and the States 205

X. THE IMPERIAL GOVERNMENT: EMPEROR, CHANCELLOR, AND BUNDESRATH
1. The Emperor 210
2. The Chancellor 213
3. The Bundesrath 217

XI. THE IMPERIAL GOVERNMENT: REICHSTAG, PARTIES, JUDICIARY (p. xi)
1. Composition of the Reichstag--Electoral System 223
2. Organization and Powers of the Reichstag. 226
3. The Rise of Political Parties 229
4. Party Politics after 1878 233
5. Parties since 1907 236
6. Law and Justice 241

XII. THE CONSTITUTION OF PRUSSIA--THE CROWN AND THE MINISTRY
1. The German States and their Governments 245
2. The Rise of Constitutionalism in Prussia 246
3. The Crown and the Ministry 253

XIII. THE PRUSSIAN LANDTAG--LOCAL GOVERNMENT
1. Composition of the Landtag 257
2. The Movement for Electoral Reform 260
3. Organization and Functions of the Landtag 263
4. Local Government: Origins and Principles 265
5. Local Government: Areas and Organs 268

XIV. THE MINOR GERMAN STATES--ALSACE-LORRAINE
1. The More Important Monarchies 275
2. The Lesser Monarchies and the City Republics 279
3. Alsace-Lorraine 282

PART III.--FRANCE

XV. CONSTITUTIONS SINCE 1789
1. A Century of Political Instab