ce of Parliament--for a several-headed despotism took the
place of the old, and ruled at home with milder sway. It tried its
hand in America; there were no more requisitions from a king hostile
to the Colonies, but acts of Parliament took their place. After the
French power in North America had given way, the British government
sought to tame down and break in the sturdy son, who had grown up in
the woods so big and rough, as obstinate as his father. Here are three
measures of subjugation, all flowing from the same fountain of
Principle--vicarious government by a feudal superior.

1. All the chief colonial officers were to be appointed by the king,
to hold office during his pleasure, to receive their pay from him.
Such was the tenure of the executive officers who had a veto on all
colonial legislation, and of the judicial officers. Thus the power of
making and administering the laws fell from the people distributed
everywhere, into the hands of the distant government centralized in
the King.

2. A standing army of British soldiers must be kept in the Colonies to
overawe the people, and enforce the laws thus made and administered.

3. A revenue was to be raised from the Colonies themselves--from which
the King would pay his officers and provide for his army that enforced
his laws. The eagle is to feather the arrow which shoots him in mid
heaven.

Thus law was a threefold cord wherewith to bind the strong Puritan.
But his eyes were not put out--not then. Blindness came at a later
day--when he had laid his head in the lap of a not attractive
Delilah. With such judges and governors, backed by a standing army of
hirelings--how soon would her liberty go down, and the Anglo-American
States resemble Spanish America!

In 1760 Francis Bernard was made governor of Massachusetts, and thus
officially put at the head of the Judiciary, a man wholly devoted to
the Crown, expecting to be made a baronet! He did not wish an annual
election of councillors, but wanted the sovereign power to enforce its
decrees by violent measures. Thus Thomas Hutchinson was made Chief
Justice in 1760, and afterwards Lieutenant-Governor,--continually
hostile to the constitution of his native land. Thus Andrew
Oliver--"Governor Oliver," "hungry for office and power," was
appointed Secretary, Commissioner of Stamps and Lieutenant-Governor;
and Peter Oliver--"Judge Oliver"--though not bred a lawyer, was made
Chief Justice, the man who refused to receive h