their deserts;
None but the brave deserve the fair.
Univ. is "persons"; m = persons who deserve the fair; x = persons who
get their deserts; y = brave.
.---------------. .-------.
Some m are x; | | | |(I)| |
No y' are m. | .---|---. | |---|---|
| |(I)|(O)| | | | |
|---|---|---|---| .-------.
| | |(O)| |
| .---|---. | .'. Some y are x.
| | |
.---------------.
i.e. Some brave persons get their deserts.
7. Some Jews are rich;
All Esquimaux are Gentiles.
Univ. is "persons"; m = Jews; x = rich; y = Esquimaux.
.---------------. .-------.
Some m are x; | | | | |(I)|
All y are m'. | .---|---. | |---|---|
| |(O)|(I)| | | | |
|(I)|---|---|---| .-------.
| |(O)| | |
| .---|---. | .'. Some x are y'.
| | |
.---------------.
i.e. Some rich persons are not Esquimaux.
8. Sugar-plums are sweet;
Some sweet things are liked by children.
Univ. is "things"; m = sweet; x = sugar-plums; y = things that are liked
by children.
.---------------.
All x are m; |(O) | (O)|
Some m are y. | .---|---. |
| | (I) | |
|---|(I)|---|---|
| | | | |
| .---|---. |
| | |
.---------------.
There is no Conclusion.
9. John is in the house;
Everybody in the house is ill.
Univ. is "persons"; m = persons in the house; x = the Class of Johns;
y = ill.
.---------------. .-------.
All x are m; |(O) | (O)| |(I)|(O)|
All m are y. | .---|---. | |---|---|
| |(I)|(O)| | | | |
|---|---|---|---| .-------.
| | |(O)| |
| .---|---. | .'. All x are y.
| | |
.---------------.
i.e. John is ill.
pg141
10. Umbrellas are useful on a journey;
What is useless
|