church of St. Martin, founded in 962, and
reconstructed, after the Gothic manner of the time, contemporary with
St. Jacques. Of recent times it has been restored. If any separation or
division of its parts can be made, one concludes that the choir is
German, and its nave French.

In 1246 there was held in this church a _Fete Dieu_ following upon a
vision of Ste. Julienne, the abbess of Cornillon near Liege. The fete
was ordained by Pope Urbain IV., who himself had been a canon of the
cathedral of Liege.

Ste. Croix was another of Notger's foundations, in 979, on the site of
an ancient chateau.

The choir was built toward 1175, and has an octagonal tower with a
gallery of small columns just under the roof, after the manner known as
distinctly Rhenish.

The church exhibits thoroughly that Rhine manner of building which made
combined use of the Gothic and Romanesque,--in bewildering fashion, to
one who has previously known only the comparatively pure types of
France.

The nave and its aisles rise to the same height, but the apsidal choir
is aisleless.

The general effect of the interior is light and graceful, with circular
columns in a blue-gray stone, which is very beautiful.

A series of fourteenth or fifteenth century "Stations of the Cross" fill
the arches of the transepts; quite an unusual arrangement of this
feature, and one which seems well considered.

St. Barthelemy's is Liege's other great church. It is a _basilica_ of
five naves and two Romanesque towers. It dates in reality from the
twelfth century, but has been greatly modernized.

St. Barthelemy's might have been a highly interesting example of a
Romanesque church had it not been desecrated by late Italian details.

St. Barthelemy's has a twelfth-century art treasure in a brazen font,
cast in 1112 by Patras, a brass-founder of Dinant on the Meuse. Its bowl
depicts five baptismal scenes in high relief, each accompanied by a
descriptive legend. Upon the rim of the bowl is the following legend:

"_Bissenis bobus pastorum forma notatur,
Quos et apostolice commendat gratia vite,
Officiiq; gradus quo fluminis impetus bujus
Letificat sanctam purgatis civibus urbem._"

[Illustration]

XXIX

DUeSSELDORF, NEUSS, AND MUeNCHEN-GLADBACH

_Duesseldorf_

Among aesthetic people in general, Duesseldorf is revered--or was revered,
though the time has long since passed--for that style of pictorial art
known to the world as the Dues