omes largely verbal, or as
we said above, _talking to oneself_.
Not only do we give names to concrete things but we give names to
specific attributes and to relations. As we organize and analyze our
experiences, there appear uniformities, principles, laws. To these we
give names, such as white, black, red, weight, length, thickness,
justice, truth, sin, crime, heat, cold, mortal, immortal, evolution,
disintegration, love, hate, envy, jealousy, possible, impossible,
probable, etc. We spoke above of meanings. To meanings we give names, so
that a single word comes to stand for meanings broad and significant,
the result of much experience. Such words as "evolution" and
"gravitation," single words though they are, represent a wide range of
experiences and bring these experiences together and crystallize them
into a single expression, which we use as a unit in our thought.
Language, therefore, makes thought easier and its accomplishment
greater. After we have studied Caesar for some years, the name comes to
represent the epitome, the bird's-eye view of a great man. A similar
thing is true of our study of other men and movements and things. Single
words come to represent a multitude of experiences. Then these words
become associated and organized in accordance with the principles of
association discussed above, so that it comes about that the older we
are, the more we come to think in words, and the more these words
represent. The older we are, the more abstract our thinking becomes, the
more do our words come to stand for meanings and attributes and laws
that have come out of the organization of our experience.
It is evident that the accuracy of our thinking depends upon these words
standing for the _truth_, depends upon whether we have organized our
experience in accordance with facts. If our word "Caesar" does not stand
for the real Caesar, then all our thinking in which Caesar enters will be
incorrect. If our word "justice" does not stand for the real justice,
then all our thinking in which justice enters will be incorrect.
This discussion points to the tremendous importance of the organization
of experience. Truth is the agreement of our thought with the thing,
with reality. We must therefore help the young to see the world clearly
and to organize what they see in accordance with the facts and with a
view to future use. Then the units of this organized experience are to
be tagged, labeled, by means of words, and th
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