ll the other words that come into
their minds. Make it clear to them that they are to write whatever word
comes to mind, whether it has any relation to the word that is given
them or not. Start them with the word "cloud." Give the following
instructions:

I wish to see how many words you can think of and write down in
three minutes. I shall name a word, you may write it down and then
all the other words that come into your minds. Do not write
sentences, merely the words that come into your minds. Work as fast
as you can.

[Illustration: FIGURE XIII--FREE ASSOCIATION TEST]

=Results.= Score the work by counting the number of words that have been
written. The norms are shown in Figure XIII.

OPPOSITES

=Object.= This is a test of controlled association. It tests one aspect of
the association of ideas. All thinking is a matter of association of
ideas. Reasoning is controlled association. The test may therefore be
taken as a measure of speed in reasoning.

[Illustration: FIGURE XIV--OPPOSITES TEST--LISTS I AND II]

=Method.= Distribute the lists of opposites to the pupils and turn them
face down on the desks. Use List One in grades three, four, and five,
and List Two in grades above. Allow two minutes in grades three, four,
and five and one minute in grades above. Give the following
instructions:

On the sheets that have been distributed to you are fifty words.
After each word you are to write a word that has the opposite
meaning. For example, if one word were "far," you could write
"near." Work as fast as you can, and when I say "stop" quit work
instantly and turn your paper over.

=Results.= The score is the number of opposites correctly written. The
norms are shown in Figure XIV.

OPPOSITES--LIST NO. 1

1. good 18. up 35. before
2. big 19. thick 36. winter
3. rich 20. quick 37. ripe
4. out 21. pretty 38. night
5. sick 22. heavy 39. open
6. hot 23. late 40. first
7. long 24. wrong 41. over
8. wet 25. smooth 42. love
9. yes 26. strong 43. come
10. high 27. dark 44. east
11. hard 28. dead 45. top
12. sweet 29. wide 46. wise
13. clean 30. empty 47. front
14. sharp 31. above 48. girl
15. fast 32. n