d by sociologists
that the culturally, environmentally, and educationally deprived were
denied equal opportunity when they were required to compete with the
middle-class average.[22-54] Although no specific, measurable results
were recorded from this educational experiment, the project was
eventually blended into the Army's Special Training and Enlistment
Program and finally into McNamara's Project 100,000.[22-55]

[Footnote 22-52: ACSFOR, "Annual Historical Summary,
Fiscal Years 1963-64," copy in CMH; Memo, DASD (CR)
for Paul, 25 Sep 63, sub: Training Program Keyed
Primarily to the Special Problems of Negro
Servicemen, ASD (M) files.]

[Footnote 22-53: Memo, Under SA for ASD (M), 14 Sep
63, sub: Training Program Keyed Primarily to the
Special Problems of Negro Servicemen; Memo, ASD (M)
for Asst Spec Counsel to President, 25 Sep 63; both
in ASD (M) files.]

[Footnote 22-54: For a discussion of this argument,
see [BuPers] Memo for Rcd, Capt K. J. B. Sanger,
USN, 9 Oct 63, Pers 1, BuPersRecs.]

[Footnote 22-55: Interv, author with Davenport, ASA,
Manpower (Ret.), 2 Aug 73, CMH files.]

Beyond considering the competence of black servicemen, the Department
of Defense had to face the possibility that discrimination was
operating at least in some cases of assignment and promotion.
Abolishing the use of racial designations on personnel records was one
obvious way of limiting such discrimination, and throughout the
mid-1960's the department sought to balance the conflicting demands
for and against race labeling. Along with the integration of military
units in the 1950's, the services had narrowed their multiple and
cumbersome definition of races to a list of five groups. Even this
list, a compromise drawn up by the Defense Department's Personnel
Policy Board, was criticized. Reflecting the opinion of the civil
rights forces, Evans declared that the definition of five races and
twelve subcategories was scientifically inaccurate, statistically (p. 575)
complicated, and racially offensive. He wanted a simple "white,
nonwhite" listing of servicemen.[22-56] The subject continued to be
discussed throughout the 1960's, the case finally going to the