epartment of Defense to demand pertinent (p. 554)
racial statistics from the states. For psychological advantages, it
wanted the recent liberalization of guard policies toward Negroes
widely publicized. Again suggesting voluntary methods as a first step,
the committee called for the use of economic sanctions if voluntary
methods failed. The President should lose no time in applying the
provisions of the new Civil Rights Act of 1964, which forbade the use
of federal funds in discriminatory activities, to offending states. As
it had been in the case of discrimination in local communities, the
committee was optimistic about the success of voluntary compliance.
Citing its own efforts and those of the National Guard Bureau,[21-86]
the committee reported that the last ten states to hold out had now
begun to integrate their guard units at least on a token basis. In
fact, the committee's report had to be revised at the last minute
because Alabama and Mississippi enrolled Negroes in their enlisted
ranks.

[Footnote 21-86: The National Guard Bureau is a joint
agency of the Departments of the Army and Air Force
which acts as adviser to the service staffs on
National Guard matters and as the channel of
communication between the two departments and the
state guards. The chief of the bureau is always a
National Guard officer.]

Chairman Gesell circulated a draft report containing these findings
and recommendations among committee members in September 1964.[21-87]
His colleagues suggested only minor revisions, although Whitney Young
thought that some of the space spent on complimenting the services
could be better used to emphasize the committee's recommendations for
further reform. He did not press the point but noted wryly: "if we
were as sensitive about the feelings of the victims of discrimination
as we are of the perpetuators, we wouldn't have most of these problems
to begin with."[21-88] Maj. Gen. Winston P. Wilson, the Chief of the
National Guard Bureau, also reviewed the draft and found it "entirely
fair, temperate and well-founded."[21-89] The committee's final report
was sent to the President on 20 November 1964. A month later Johnson
sent it along to McNamara with the request that he be kept informed on
progress of the negotiations between the secretary and the governors
on integration of t