pressed by _de_ and the
article even when an adjective precedes the noun.

47.--16. on apercut l'ennemi. Apercevoir refers especially
to the sense of sight, _s'apercevoir de_ to a mental process (_il
s'apercut de son erreur_).

48.--4. cesserent. Note the plural verb though the
singular subjects are not connected by _et_.

17. mangeaille, _-aille_ is a derogatory suffix; the force of the
various French suffixes, to which little or no attention is paid in the
ordinary French grammars, may be seen in the _Dictionnaire general_,
vol. l, pp. 43 ff. and pp. 48 ff.; also in Ayer, _Grammaire comparee de
la langue francaise_ (4th edition), pp. 300 ff.

49.--25. mon colonel. The possessive pronoun is used by
French soldiers in addressing superior officers.

TOMBOUCTOU

63. -12. bonjou. The letter _r_ is as difficult for Tombouctou as
it is for the negroes in the Southern States. Tombouctou's language is
like the Pidgin-English used in the Orient, he pays no attention
to syntax, but puts his verbs in the first conjugation and in the>
infinitive, that is, he knows only one form of the verb (_aime, cherche;
reconne_, etc.); the mistakes will be easily seen (Bezi, p. 53,
l. 18, is for _Bezieres_; Empeeu, p. 54, l. 7, is for _Empereur_;
gives and capules, p. 57, l. 11, are for _grives_ and
_crapules_; povisions, p. 58, l. 3, for _provisions_, etc.);
gade, pesonne = _garder, personne_ (p. 60, l. 5); pati, p.
60, l. 21, is for _parti_, one verb which he does not put in the
first conjugation; moi fait mange colonel, that is, he was the
colonel's cook; Algeie, for _Algerie_.

EN MER

64.--13. faut couper. Popular omission of the subject
pronoun.

19. coupe pas. An example of the popular omission of _ne_.--
je vas, for _je vais_; the first person is formed on analogy with
the second and third (_vas, va_).

66.--13. iau. Dialectic for _eau_.

19. drait. Dialectic (Norman) for _droit_; this peculiarity may
be seen in Canadian French, which is partly Norman in origin; the Latin
_i_ and _e_ became in Old French _ei_, this sound developed in Modern
French into _oi_, but the Norman dialect retained the Old French sound
(represented here by _ai_).

23. aigue. Note the diaeresis, which indicates that _u_ is
pronounced in this word.

67.--3. a c't'-heure. For _a cette heure_, a popular
phrase for _maintenant_; this also illustrates the popular tendency to
slur over syllables and to omit completely the pronunciation of mute