ed the British Seas.

Were there any other Germans? Aurelius Victor suggests that there were.
A.D. 306, Constantius dies at York, and Constantine, his son, "assisted
by all who were about, but especially by Eroc, King of the Alemanni,
assumes the empire." Now Eroc had accompanied Constantius as an ally
(_auxilii gratii_); so that there were Alemanni in Yorkshire, as well
as Franks in Middlesex, with powers, more or less, approaching those of
independent populations; at any rate, in a different position from the
mere legionary Germans, of whom further notice will soon be taken.

In Julian's reign the Picts, Scots, and Attacotti harass the South
Britons. This is on the cotemporary and unexceptionable evidence of
Ammianus Marcellinus. And the same cotemporary and unexceptionable
evidence adds the _Saxons_ to his list of devastators--"Picti,
_Saxonesque_, et Scoti, et Attacotti Britannos aerumnis vexavere
continuis." Mark the word _continuis_.

The _Alemanni_ of Britain are noticed by the same writer in a passage
which must be taken along with the notice of the Alemanni under Eroc.
"Valentinian placed Fraomarius as king over the Buccinobantes, a nation
of the Alemanni, near Mentz. Soon afterwards, however, an attack upon
his people devastated their country (_pa-_ _gum_, _gau_). He was then
translated to Britain, and placed over the Alemanni, _at that time
flourishing both in numbers and power_, as tribune."

We may now ask what foreign elements were introduced into Britain by the
Roman legions; since nothing is more certain than that the Roman armies
consisted, but in a small degree, of Romans. The Notitia[11] Utriusque
Imperii helps us here; indeed it may be that it supplies us with a
complete list of the imperial forces in all their ethnological
heterogeneousness. Some of the titles of the regiments and companies
(_alae_, _numeri_, _cohortes_) are unexplained: several, however, are
taken from the country of the soldiers that composed them.

The list gives us settlers in Britain of Germanic, Gallic, Iberic,
Slavonic, Aramaic, and Berber extraction.

GERMANS.

_Tungricani._--Either soldiers who had distinguished themselves in
the parts about Tongres, or true Tungrian Germans, under a
Praepositus, and stationed at Dubris (_Dover_).

_Tungri._--True Tungrian Germans. At Borcovicum. A cohort.

_Turnacenses._--Either soldiers who had distinguished themselves in
the parts about Tournay, or true