ame of a native population.

The present district of _West_-phalia was one of them; its occupants
being called _West_-falahi, _West_-falai, _West_-fali. These were the
Saxons of the Rhine. Contrasted with these, the _East_-phalians
(_Ost_-falai, _Ost_-falahi, _Ost_-fali, _Oster_-leudi, _Austre_-leudi,
_Aust_-rasii), stretched towards the Elbe.

Between the two, descendants of the _Angri_-varii of Tacitus, and
ancestors of the present Germans of the parts about _Engern_, lay the
_Angr_-arii, or _Ang_-arii.

An unknown poet of the eighth century, but one whose sentiments
indicate a Saxon origin, thus laments the degenerate state of his
country:

"Generalis habet populos divisio ternos,
Insignita quibus Saxonia floruit olim;
Nomina nunc remanent virtus antiqua recessit.
Denique _Westfalos_ vocitant in parte manentes
Occidua; quorum non longe terminus amne
A Rheno distat? regionem solis ad ortum
Inhabitant _Osterleudi_, quos nomine quidam
_Ostvalos_ alii vocitant, confinia quorum
Infestant conjuncta suis gens perfida Sclavi.
Inter predictos media regione morantur
_Angarii_, populus Saxonum tertius; horum
Patria Francorum terris sociatur ab Austro,
Oceanoque eadem conjungitur ex Aquilone."

The conquest of Charlemagne is the reason for the language being thus
querulous; for, unlike Upper Saxony, the Saxony of the Lower Weser, the
Saxony of the Angrivarii, Westfalii, and Ostfalii, was truly the native
land of an old and heroic _German_ population, of a population which
under Arminius had resisted Rome, of a population descended from the
Chamavi, the Dulgubini, the Fosi, and the Cherusci of Tacitus, and,
finally, the land of a population whose immediate and closest affinities
were with the Angles of Hanover, and the Frisians of Friesland, rather
than with the Chatti of Hesse, or the Franks of the Carlovingian
dynasty.

How far are these the Saxons of Sus-_sex_, Es-_sex_, and Middle-_sex_?
Only so far as they were Angles; and, except in the parts near the Elbe,
they were other than Angle. This we know from their language, in which a
Gospel Harmony, in alliterative metre, a fragmentary translation of the
Psalms, and a heroic rhapsody called Hildubrant and Hathubrant have come
down to us.

The parts where the dialects of these particular specimens were spoken
are generally considered to have been the country about Essen, Cleves,
and Munster; and, although closely al