ubini, Chamavi, and
Angrivarii must be carried to a certain extent northwards; and the
populations in question lay beyond these.

2. They must not be carried very far north of the Elbe. The reasons for
this are less conclusive. They lie, however, in the circumstance of
_Ptolemy's_ notices placing them in a decidedly _southern_ direction;
and, as Tacitus has left their locality an open question, the evidence
of even a worse authority than Ptolemy ought to be decisive,--"of the
nations of the interior the greatest is that of _Suevi Angili_, who are
the most eastern of the Longobardi, stretching as far northwards as the
middle Elbe." The same writer precludes us from placing them in Holstein
and Sleswick by filling up the Peninsula by populations other than
Angle, one of which is the Saxon. But these Saxons we are not at liberty
to identify with the Angli of Tacitus, because, by so doing, we
separate them from the more evidently related _Angili_ of Ptolemy.
Ptolemy draws a distinction between the two, and writes that "after the
Chauci on the neck of the Cimbric Chersonese, came the Saxons, after the
Saxons, as far as the river Chalusus, the Pharodini. In the Chersonese
itself there extend, beyond the Saxons, the Sigulones on the west, then
the Sabalingii, then the Cobandi, above them the Chali, then above
these, but more to the west, the Phundusii; more to the east the
Charudes, and most of all to the north, the Cimbri."

3. They must not come quite up to the sea, since we have seen from
Ptolemy that the Chauci and Saxones joined, and as the Saxons were on
the neck of the Peninsula, or the south-eastern parts of Holstein, the
Chauci must have lain between the Angli and the sea, probably, however,
on a very narrow strip of coast.

4. They must not have reached eastwards much farther than the frontiers
of Lauenburg and Luneburg, since, as soon as we get definite historical
notices of these countries, they are _Slavonic_--and, whatever may be
said to the contrary, there is no evidence of this Slavonic occupancy
being recent.

These conditions give us the northern part of the kingdom of Hanover as
the original Angle area.

Their ethnological affinities are simpler. They spoke the language
which afterwards became the Anglo-Saxon of Alfred, and the English of
Milton. In this we have the first and most definite of their
differential characteristics--the characteristics which distinguished
them from the closely allied Cherus