2 Transplanting into rows
3 Cultivating and pruning
4 Picking the cherries
5 Pulping
6 Fermenting
7 Washing
8 Drying in the parchment
9 Hulling
10 Polishing
11 Grading
12 Transporting to the seaport
13 Buying and selling for export
14 Transhipment overseas
15 Buying and selling at wholesale
16 Shipment to the point of manufacture
17 Separating
18 Milling
19 Mixing or blending
20 Roasting
21 Cooling and stoning
22 Buying and selling at retail
23 Grinding
24 Making the beverage

[Illustration: COFFEE ARABICA; LEAVES, FLOWERS AND FRUIT

Painted from nature by M.E. Eaton--Detail sketches show anther, pistil,
and section of corolla]

CHAPTER I

DEALING WITH THE ETYMOLOGY OF COFFEE

_Origin and translation of the word from the Arabian into various
languages--Views of many writers_

The history of the word coffee involves several phonetic difficulties.
The European languages got the name of the beverage about 1600 from the
original Arabic [Arabic] _qahwah_, not directly, but through its
Turkish form, _kahveh_. This was the name, not of the plant, but the
beverage made from its infusion, being originally one of the names
employed for wine in Arabic.

Sir James Murray, in the _New English Dictionary_, says that some have
conjectured that the word is a foreign, perhaps African, word disguised,
and have thought it connected with the name Kaffa, a town in Shoa,
southwest Abyssinia, reputed native place of the coffee plant, but that
of this there is no evidence, and the name _qahwah_ is not given to the
berry or plant, which is called [Arabic] _bunn_, the native name in
Shoa being _bun_.

Contributing to a symposium on the etymology of the word coffee in
_Notes and Queries_, 1909, James Platt, Jr., said:

The Turkish form might have been written _kahve_, as its final _h_
was never sounded at any time. Sir James Murray draws attention to
the existence of two European types, one like the French _cafe_,
Italian _caffe_, the other like the English _coffee_, Dutch
_koffie_. He explains the vowel _o_ in the second series as
apparently representing _au_, from Turkish _ahv_. This seems
unsupported by evidence, and the _v_ is already represented by the
_ff_, so on Sir James's assumption _coffee_ must stand for
_kahv-ve_, which is unlikely. The change from _a_ to _o_, in my
opinion, is better accounted for as an imperfect appreciation. The
exac