a dynasty, the XVIth, the few
remaining monuments of which are found scattered over the length and
breadth of the valley from the shores of the Mediterranean to the rocks
of the first cataract.

The Egyptians who witnessed the advent of this Asiatic people called
them by the general term Amuu, Asiatics, or Monatiu, the men of the
desert.* They had already given the Bedouin the opprobrious epithet of
Shausu--pillagers or robbers--which aptly described them;** and they
subsequently applied the same name to the intruders--Hiq Shausu--from
which the Greeks derived their word Hyksos, or Hykoussos, for this
people.***

* The meaning of the term _Moniti_ was discovered by E. de
Rouge, who translated it _Shepherd_, and applied it to the
Hyksos; from thence it passed into the works of all the
Egyptologists who concerned themselves with this question,
but _Shepherd_ has not been universally accepted as the
meaning of the word. It is generally agreed that it was a
generic term, indicating the races with which their
conquerors were supposed to be connected, and not the
particular term of which Manetho's word _Hoiveves_ would be
the literal translation.

** The name seems, in fact, to be derived from a word which
meant "to rob," "to pillage." The name Shausu, Shosu, was
not used by the Egyptians to indicate a particular race. It
was used of all Bedouins, and in general of all the
marauding tribes who infested the desert or the mountains.
The Shausu most frequently referred to on the monuments are
those from the desert between Egypt and Syria, but there is
a reference, in the time of Ramses II., to those from the
Lebanon and the valley of Orontes. Krall finds an allusion
to them in a word (_Shosim_) in _Judges_ ii. 14, which is
generally translated by a generic expression, "the
spoilers."

*** Manetho declares that the people were called Hyksos,
from _Syk_, which means "king" in the sacred language, and
_sos_, which means "shepherd" in the popular language. As a
matter of fact, the word _Hyku_ means "prince "in the
classical language of Egypt, or, as Manetho styles it, the
_sacred language_, i.e. in the idiom of the old religious,
historical, and literary texts, which in later ages the
populace no longer understood. Shos, on the contrary,
belongs to the spoken language of t