t
Damanhur, in the colossal torso dug up at Mit-Fares in the Fayum, in
the twin figures of the Nile removed to the Bulaq Museum from Tanis, and
upon the remains of a statue in the collection at the Villa Ludovisi in
Rome. The same foreign type of face is also found to exist among the
present inhabitants of the villages scattered over the eastern part
of the Delta, particularly on the shores of Lake Menzaleh, and the
conclusion was drawn that these people were the direct descendants of
the Hyksos.

* Manetho takes them to be Phoenicians, but he adds that
certain writers thought them to be Arabs: Brugsch favours
this latter view, but the Arab legend of a conquest of Egypt
by Sheddad and the Adites is of recent origin, and was
inspired by traditions in regard to the Hyksos current
during the Byzantine epoch; we cannot, therefore, allow it
to influence us. We must wait before expressing a definite
opinion in regard to the facts which Glaser believes he has
obtained from the Minoan inscriptions which date from the
time of the Hyksos.

** Mariette, who was the first to describe these curious
monuments, recognised in them all the incontestable
characteristics of a Semitic type, and the correctness of
his view was, at first, universally admitted. Later on Hamy
imagined that he could distinguish traces of Mongolian
influences, and Er. Lenormant, and then Mariette himself
came round to this view; it has recently been supported in
England by Flower, and in Germany by Virchow.

This theory was abandoned, however, when it was ascertained that the
sphinxes of San had been carved, many centuries before the invasion, for
Amenemhait III., a king of the XIIth dynasty. In spite of the facts we
possess, the problem therefore still remains unsolved, and the origin of
the Hyksos is as mysterious as ever. We gather, however, that the third
millennium before our era was repeatedly disturbed by considerable
migratory movements. The expeditions far afield of Elamite and Chaldaean
princes could not have taken place without seriously perturbing the
regions over which they passed. They must have encountered by the
way many nomadic or unsettled tribes whom a slight shock would easily
displace. An impulse once given, it needed but little to accelerate
or increase the movement: a collision with one horde reacted on its
neighbours, who either displaced or car