say, "Scratch a Russian and you find a Tartar." In the darkest
hour of the barbaric dominion it was truer to say, "Scratch a Tartar and
you find a Russian." It was the civilization that survived under all the
barbarism. This vital romance of Russia, this revolution against Asia,
can be proved in pure fact; not only from the almost superhuman activity
of Russia during the struggle, but also (which is much rarer as human
history goes) by her quite consistent conduct since. She is the only
great nation which has really expelled the Mongol from her country and
continued to protest against presence of the Mongol in her continent.
Knowing what he had been in Russia, she knew what he would be in Europe.
In this she pursued a logical line of thought, which was, if anything,
too unsympathetic with the energies and religions of the East. Every
other country, one may say, has been an ally of the Turk--that is, of
the Mongol and the Moslem. The French played them as pieces against
Austria; the English warmly supported them under the Palmerston regime;
even the young Italians sent troops to the Crimea; and of Russia and her
Austrian vassal it is nowadays needless to speak. For good or evil, it
is the fact of history that Russia is the only power in Europe that has
never supported the Crescent against the Cross.

That doubtless will appear an unimportant matter, but it may become
important under certain peculiar conditions. Suppose, for the sake of
argument, that there were a powerful Prince in Europe who had gone
ostentatiously out of his way to pay reverence to the remains of the
Tartar, Mongol, and Moslem left as an outpost in Europe. Suppose there
were a Christian Emperor who could not even go to the tomb of the
crucified without pausing to congratulate the last and living crucifier.
If there were an Emperor who gave guns and guides and maps and drill
instructors to defend the remains of the Mongol in Christendom, what
would we say to him? I think at least we might ask him what he meant by
his impudence when he talked about supporting a semi-Oriental power.
That we support a semi-Oriental power we deny. That he has supported an
entirely Oriental power cannot be denied, no, not even by the man who
did it.

_Whom Has Prussia Emancipated?_

But here is to be noted the essential difference between Russia and
Prussia; especially by those who use the ordinary liberal arguments
against the latter Russia has a policy, which she pursu