ramaic, and seldom in
Greek; the latter naturally in Greek. Next, within these literatures we
shall distinguish three or four classes according to the nature of the
subject with which they deal. Thus the books of which we have to treat
will be classed as: (a) Historical, (b) Legendary (Haggadic), (c)
Apocalyptic, (d) Didactic or Sapiential.

The Apocrypha Proper then would be classified as follows:--

i. Palestinian Jewish Literature:--
(a) _Historical_.
1 (i.e. 3) Ezra.
1 Maccabees.

(b) _Legendary_.
Book of Baruch (see BARUCH).
Judith.

(c) _Apocalyptic_.
2 (i.e. 4) Ezra (see also under separate article on APOCALYPTIC
LITERATURE).

(d) _Didactic_.
Sirach (see ECCLESIASTICUS).
Tobit.

ii. Hellenistic Jewish Literature:--
_Historical and Legendary_.
Additions to Daniel (q.v.).
" " Esther (q.v.).
Epistle of Jeremy (q.v.).
2 Maccabees (q.v.).
Prayer of Manasses (see MANASSES).

_Didactic_.
Book of Wisdom (see WISDOM, BOOK OF.)

Since all these books are dealt with in separate articles, they call for
no further notice here.

LITERATURE.--Texts:--Holmes and Parsons, _Vet. Test. Graecum cum var.
lectionibus_ (Oxford, 1798-1827); Swete, _Old Testament in Greek_,
i.-iii. (Cambridge, 1887-1894); Fritzsche, _Libri Apocryphi V.T. Graece_
(1871). Commentaries:--O.F. Fritzsche and Grimm, _Kurzgef. exeget.
Handbuch zu den Apok. des A.T_. (Leipzig, 1851-1860); E.C. Bissell,
_Apocrypha of the Old Testament_ (Edinburgh, 1880); Zockler, _Apok. des
A.T._ (Munchen, 1891); Wace, _The Apocrypha_ ("Speaker's Commentary")
(1888). Introduction and General Literature:--E. Schurer[3], _Geschichte
des jud. Volkes_, vol. iii. 135 sqq., and his article on "Apokryphen" in
Herzog's _Realencykl_. i. 622-653; Porter in Hastings' _Bible Dic_. i.
111-123.

2 (a). _Other Old Testament Apocryphal Literature_:--

(a) _Historical_.
History of Johannes Hyrcanus.

(b) _Legendary_.
Book of Jubilees.
Paralipomena Jeremiae, or the Rest of the Words of Baruch.
Martyrdom of Isaiah.
Pseudo-Philo's Liber Antiquitatum.
Books of Adam.
Jannes and Jambres.
Joseph and Asenath.

(c) _Apocalyptic_.
(See separate article.)

(d) _Didactic or Sapiential_.
Pirke Ab