. and fragments of a translation into Uigur
have been discovered in Turkestan.[137] The contents comprise
philosophy, legends and spells.

6. Ganda-vyuha[138] or the Structure of the World, which is compared
to a bubble. The name is not found in the catalogue of the Chinese
Tripitaka but the work is said to be the same as the Avatamsaka sutra
which is popular in the Far East under the name of Hua-yen in China or
Ke-gon in Japan. The identity of the two books could not have been
guessed from the extracts and analyses which have been published but
is guaranteed by high authorities.[139] It is possible however that
the Ganda-vyuha is only a portion of the larger work called
Avatamsaka. So far as can be judged from the extracts, this text
preaches in a fully developed form, the doctrines of Sunyata,
Dharma-kaya, the omnipresence of the Buddha and the redemption of the
world by the exertions of Bodhisattvas. Yet it seems to be early, for
a portion of it was translated into Chinese about 170 A.D. (Nanjio,
102) and about 405 Kumarajiva translated a commentary on it ascribed
to Nagarjuna (Nanjio, 1180).

7. Tathagata-guhyaka. This work is known by the analysis of
Rajendralala Mitra from which it appears to be a Tantra of the worst
class and probably late. Its proper title is said to be
Sriguhyasamaja. Watanabe states that the work catalogued by Nanjio
under No. 1027 and translated into Chinese about 1000 A.D. is an
expurgated version of it. The Sikshasamuccaya cites the
Tathagata-guhya-sutra several times. The relations of these works to
one another are not quite clear.

8. Samadhiraja[140] is a Vyakarana or narrative describing different
forms of meditation of which the Samadhiraja is the greatest and best.
The scene is laid on the Vulture's Peak and the principal
interlocutors are Sakyamuni and Candraprabha, a rich man of
Rajagriha. It appears to be the same as the Candrapradipa-sutra and
is a complete and copious treatise, which not only expounds the topic
from which it takes its name but incidentally enumerates the chief
principles of Mahayanism. Watanabe[141] states that it is the
Yueeh-teng-san-mei-ching (Nanjio, 191) translated about 450 and again
in 557 A.D.

9. Dasabhumisvara.[142] An account of the ten stages in the career of
a Bodhisattva before he can attain to Buddhahood. The scene is laid in
the paradise of Indra where Sakyamuni was temporarily sojourning and
the principal interlocutor is a Bodhisattva named