p. 202, (Manila, 1905);
_Seidenadel_, The Language of the Bontoc Igorot, p. 491, 541, ff,
(Chicago, 1909); _Evans_, _Journal Royal Anthro. Inst_., Vol. XLIII,
1913, p. 462; _Ling Roth_, Natives of Sarawak and British North Borneo,
Vol. I, p. 319; _Tawney_, Katha Sarit Sagara, Vol. II, p. 3, (Calcutta,
1880); _Bezemer_, Volksdichtung aus Indonesien, p. 49, (Haag, 1904).

[38] This peculiar expression while frequently used is not fully
understood by the story tellers who in place of the word "whip"
occasionally use "make." In one text which describes the _Sayang_
ceremony, I find the following sentence, which may help us to
understand the foregoing: "We go to make perfume at the edge of the
town, and the things which we take, which are our perfume, are the
leaves of trees and some others; it is the perfume for the people,
which we give to them, which we go to break off the trees at the edge
of the town." Again in tale 20, Kanag breaks the perfume of Baliwan
off a tree.--The use of sweetly scented oil, in raising the dead,
is found in Dayak legends. See _Ling Roth_, The Natives of Sarawak
and British North Borneo, Vol. I, p. 314.

[39] According to a Jakun legend, the first children were produced
out of the calves of their mothers' legs. _Skeat_ and _Blagden_, Pagan
Races of the Malay Peninsula, Vol. II, p. 185.--A creation tale from
Mangaia relates that the boy Rongo came from a boil on his mother's
arm when it was pressed. _Gill_, Myths and Songs of the South Pacific,
p. 10 (London, 1876).

[40] This power of transforming themselves into animals and the like
is a common possession among the heroes of Dayak and Malay tales. See
_Ling Roth_, The Natives of Sarawak and British North Borneo, Vol. I,
p. 312; _Perham_, _Journal Straits Branch R., Asiatic Society_,
No. 16, 1886; _Wilkinson_, Malay Beliefs, pp. 32, 59 (London, 1906).

[41] The present day Tinguian attach much importance to these
omens. The gall and liver of the slaughtered animal are carefully
examined. If the fluid in the gall sack is exceedingly bitter, the
inquirer is certain to be successful; if it is mild he had best defer
his project. Certain lines and spots found on the liver foretell
disaster, while a normal organ assures success. See also _Hose_
and _McDougall_, Pagan Tribes of Borneo, Vol. II, p. 60 ff.

[42] See p. 24, note 1.

[43] The present capital of Ilocos Sur.

[44] See p. 10, note 1.

[45] _Barrows_, Census of the Philippine Islands