ny cases errors in diet, particularly the use of unripe
fruit and new vegetables, and the excessive drinking of cold liquids
during perspiration. Outbreaks of this disorder in a household or
community can sometimes be traced to the use of impure water, or to
noxious emanations from the sewers.

In the treatment, vomiting should be encouraged so long as it shows the
presence of undigested food, after which opiates ought to be
administered. Small opium pills, or Dover's powder, or the aromatic
powder of chalk with opium, are likely to be retained in the stomach,
and will generally succeed in allaying the pain and diarrhoea, while ice
and effervescing drinks serve to quench the thirst and subdue the
sickness. In aggravated cases where medicines are rejected, enemata of
starch and laudanum, or the hypodermic injection of morphia, ought to be
resorted to. Counter-irritation by mustard or turpentine over the
abdomen is always of use, as is also friction with the hands where
cramps are present. When sinking threatens, brandy and ammonia will be
called for. During convalescence the food should be in the form of milk
and farinaceous diet, or light soups, and all indigestible articles must
be carefully avoided.

In the treatment of this disease as it affects young children (_Cholera
Infantum_), most reliance is to be placed on the administration of chalk
and the use of starch enemata. In their case opium in any form cannot be
safely employed.

MALIGNANT CHOLERA (synonyms, _Asiatic Cholera, Indian Cholera, Epidemic
Cholera, Algide Cholera_) is one of the most severe and fatal diseases.
In describing the symptoms it is customary to divide them into three
stages, but it must be noted that these do not always present themselves
in so distinct a form as to be capable of separate recognition. The
first or premonitory stage consists in the occurrence of diarrhoea.
Frequently of mild and painless character, and coming on after some
error in diet, this symptom is apt to be disregarded. The discharges
from the bowels are similar to those of ordinary summer cholera, which
the attack closely resembles. There is, however, at first the absence of
vomiting. This diarrhoea generally lasts for two or three days, and then
if it does not gradually subside either may pass into the more severe
phenomena characteristic of the second stage of cholera, or on the other
hand may itself prove fatal.

The second stage is termed the stage of collapse or