the action the enemy received reinforcements which brought
his force up to 400 rifles, and he made a most determined
resistance, the Arabs especially fighting most bravely. They
were, however, heavily outnumbered, and eventually the whole
force broke and fled, utterly demoralized.... Our troops
distinguished themselves greatly, both in the arduous march
from the Kagera and in the subsequent fighting. A telegram
was sent on June 28 from Lord Kitchener to Major Gen.
Tighe, commanding the troops in British East Africa,
congratulating him on the success of the operations.

[Illustration: Conquered German African Territory.]

V. THE PERSIAN GULF AND MESOPOTAMIA.

Turkey's entry into the war has had four results: 1, The annexation of
Cyprus (previously a protectorate) by Britain on Nov. 5; 2, the
British expedition against Turkish territory on the Persian Gulf two
weeks later; 3, the loss of Turkey's suzerainty over Egypt, which
became a British protectorate under a Sultan on Dec. 17, and, 4, the
attack on the Gallipoli Peninsula, still in progress.

An excellent summary of the Persian Gulf expedition is given in The
Sphere, May 15:

The Shatt-el-Arab, (the united Euphrates and Tigris,) for
the greater part of its course, forms the boundary between
Persia and Turkey. Some twenty miles below Basra (or
Bussorah) it is joined by the Kasun, near whose course,
about a hundred miles from its mouth, are the Anglo-Persian
Company's oil fields.

The effective protection of these is necessarily an object
of vital importance. It was also of considerable importance
to create a diversion which should cause the Osmanli
Generals to feel uneasiness as to a possible advance up the
Euphrates. Whether more than the occupation of Basra and the
protection of the oil fields was or is intended cannot, of
course, be at present definitely stated.

The expeditionary force, under Lieut. Gen. Sir Arthur
Barrett, consisted--apparently--of three Indo-British
infantry brigades, a brigade of Indian cavalry, and
artillery and auxiliary services in proportion--in all
probability some 15,000 to 18,000 men. It included at least
three British battalions--the Second Dorsets, the Second
Norfolks, and the Oxford and Bucks Light Infantry.

The advanced brigade reached the Shatt-el-Arab on Nov. 7,
an